Chemistry Alcohols & Phenols UHS 2024
PMDC Verified Question 3 of 95
When carboxylic acid is heated with alcohol in the presence of sulphuric acid, one of the following is formed
A
Amides
B
Ester
C
Acyl chloride
D
Acid anhydride
Tap any option to test your recall and reveal the step-by-step Propolis autopsy.

Propolis Cognitive Error Autopsy

Official Correct Choice:
Option B: Ester
Concept:

This is the classic definition of Fischer Esterification, a reversible condensation reaction.

Formula:

$$ \text{R-COOH} + \text{R'-OH} \rightleftharpoons^+, \Delta} \text{R-COOR'} + \text{H}_2\text{O} $$

Solution:

  • A carboxylic acid acts as the acyl donor, and the alcohol acts as a nucleophile.


  • In the presence of an acid catalyst (sulfuric acid) and heat, water is eliminated.


  • The combination of the acyl group and the alkoxy group creates an ester.


Why other options are incorrect:

Amides require reaction with ammonia or an amine. Acyl chlorides require reaction with \(\text{SOCl}_2\) or \(\text{PCl}_5\). Acid anhydrides require the dehydration of two carboxylic acid molecules, not an acid and an alcohol.

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