Official Blueprints · Academic Sessions 2026-2027

MDCAT & NUMS 2026-2027 Official Syllabus & Downloads

Direct download links to the verified official syllabus PDFs issued by the Pakistan Medical & Dental Council (PM&DC) and the National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS). Includes paper pattern, marks weightage, chapter list, and admitting portals.

180 / 200

PMDC (180) · NUMS (200) MCQs

3 Hours

180 Minutes Duration

0 Penalty

No Negative Marking

55% / 50%

MBBS / BDS Passing Cutoff

Solve Past Papers Calculate Aggregate

PMDC Official Gazette 577 KB · 24 Pages

PMDC National MDCAT 2026-2027 Curriculum

The official uniform syllabus mandated by the Pakistan Medical & Dental Council (PM&DC) for admission to all public and private medical and dental colleges across Pakistan. Covers Biology, Chemistry, Physics, English, and Logical Reasoning.

Paper Structure:

• Total: 180 MCQs · 180 Marks · 3 Hours Duration

• Biology: 81 MCQs (45%) · Chemistry: 45 MCQs (25%)

• Physics: 36 MCQs (20%) · English: 9 MCQs (5%) · Logic: 9 MCQs (5%)

• Passing Threshold: 55% for MBBS (99/180) · 50% for BDS (90/180)

Download Official PMDC Syllabus (PDF)

NUMS Official TOS 813 KB · 33 Pages

NUMS MDCAT 2026-2027 Table of Specifications

The official examination blueprint issued by the National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS Rawalpindi) for admission to Army Medical College (AMC) and all Military Combined Military Hospitals (CMH) institutes across Pakistan.

Paper Structure:

• Paper-I (Subject Test): 150 MCQs · 2 Hours 45 Minutes

• Paper-II (Psychological Test): 50 MCQs · 15 Minutes

• Bio: 55 MCQs · Chem: 40 MCQs · Phy: 40 MCQs · Eng: 15 MCQs

• Cognitive Taxonomy: 70% Recall Level · 30% Application Level

Download Official NUMS TOS Syllabus (PDF)

PMDC vs. NUMS Paper Pattern & Marks Distribution

National · Armed Forces Blueprint

Subject	PMDC National MDCAT	NUMS Military Entry Test	Practice Questions
Biology	81 MCQs (45%)	55 MCQs (37.0%)	Solve Bio PYQs
Chemistry	45 MCQs (25%)	40 MCQs (26.5%)	Solve Chem PYQs
Physics	36 MCQs (20%)	40 MCQs (26.5%)	Solve Physics PYQs
English	9 MCQs (5%)	15 MCQs (10.0%)	Solve English PYQs
5th Section	Logical Reasoning: 9 MCQs (5%)	Paper-II Psychological: 50 MCQs (5%)	Solve Logic PYQs
Total Paper	180 MCQs · 3 Hours	200 MCQs · 3 Hours	Zero Negative Marking

Curricular Divergence Summary: NUMS Biology includes Diversity Among Animals (Kingdom Animalia) and Prokaryotes (Kingdom Monera) which are omitted from PMDC. Conversely, PMDC Physics includes Vectors, Fluid Dynamics, and Alternating Current which are omitted from NUMS.

Subject-by-Subject Overlap & Exclusion Matrix

Dual-Aspirant Strategy

Biology Syllabus Variance

National PMDC Curriculum vs. NUMS Armed Forces Table of Specifications

Comparative Audit

Shared Core Syllabus (Testable in Both PMDC & NUMS)

Cell Biology & Biomolecules

Cell organelles, Fluid Mosaic Model, Carbohydrates, Lipids, Proteins, and Nucleic Acids structure.

Enzymology & Bioenergetics

Enzyme kinetics, activation energy, competitive inhibition, Photosynthesis light/dark cycles, Glycolysis, and Krebs cycle.

Human Physiology & Regulation

Nerve impulse conduction, Synaptic transmission, Endocrine hormones, and Skeletal muscle sliding filament contraction.

Genetics, Evolution & Continuity

Mendelian inheritance, Gene linkage, Sex-linked inheritance, Darwinian natural selection, and Gene frequency dynamics.

NUMS Scope (Omitted from PMDC)

NUMS Exclusive

Diversity Among Animals (Kingdom Animalia)

Complete invertebrate and vertebrate taxonomy from Phylum Porifera to Chordata. Covers coelom formation, body symmetry, and characteristic organ systems. Excluded from PMDC.

Prokaryotes (Kingdom Monera)

Bacterial morphology, cell envelope structure, Gram staining (+ vs -), genetic recombination, endospore resistance, and Cyanobacteria. Excluded from PMDC.

Clinical Histology Depth

Deeper micro-anatomical histological layers of muscle tissue and explicit cranial nerve sensory/motor pathways tested under NUMS armed forces standards.

PMDC Scope (Omitted from NUMS)

PMDC Exclusive

Biotechnology (Standalone Unit 18)

Independent unit testing Recombinant DNA Technology, PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) thermal stages, Gel Electrophoresis, DNA sequencing, and Transgenic organisms.

Strategic Preparation Playbook

NUMS Focus Priority: Kingdom Animalia and Kingdom Monera account for 6 to 8 questions in NUMS Paper-I. Allocate 2 focused study weeks specifically to phyla taxonomy.

PMDC Biotechnology Mastery: Review Taq polymerase, primers, denaturation/annealing temperatures, and plasmid vector markers to secure every MCQ from PMDC Unit 18.

Chemistry Syllabus Variance

National PMDC Curriculum vs. NUMS Armed Forces Table of Specifications

Comparative Audit

Shared Core Syllabus (Testable in Both PMDC & NUMS)

Physical Chemistry

Stoichiometry & mole calculations, Bohr model, Quantum numbers, Gas laws (Ideal vs Real), Liquids & Solids, Chemical Equilibrium (Kc, Kp, Le Chatelier), Kinetics (Reaction order & rate laws), Thermochemistry (Hess Law), and Electrochemistry (Galvanic cells & Nernst).

Inorganic Chemistry

Periodic trends (electronegativity, ionization energy, atomic radius), Group 1 & 2 trends, Group 13 to 17 halogen/chalcogen chemistry, and d-Block Transition metal complexes.

Organic Chemistry

Nomenclature, Reaction mechanisms, Hydrocarbons (Alkanes, Alkenes, Alkynes), Alkyl Halides (SN1 vs SN2), Alcohols & Phenols, Carbonyl compounds (Aldehydes & Ketones nucleophilic addition), Carboxylic acids, and Macromolecules.

NUMS Scope (Omitted from PMDC)

NUMS Exclusive

Zero Industrial Chemistry

NUMS Table of Specifications completely excludes industrial chemistry units. You will not face questions on industrial dyes, fertilizers, or commercial adhesives.

High Physical Chemistry Density

Greater concentration of non-calculator numericals on equilibrium constants, gas laws, and solution molarity.

PMDC Scope (Omitted from NUMS)

PMDC Exclusive

Unit 20: Industrial Chemistry

Exclusively tested in PMDC. Includes Synthetic Adhesives, Dyes and Pigments classification, Polymerization types (addition vs condensation), and Nylon/Bakelite manufacturing.

Strategic Preparation Playbook

Industrial Chemistry Exemption: NUMS aspirants can safely bypass Unit 20. PMDC candidates must memorize synthetic dye classes and polymer monomers.

Reaction Mechanisms Priority: Both tests heavily emphasize Carbonyl nucleophilic additions (cyanohydrin, 2,4-DNPH) and Alkene electrophilic additions (Markovnikov rule).

Physics Syllabus Variance

National PMDC Curriculum vs. NUMS Armed Forces Table of Specifications

Comparative Audit

Shared Core Syllabus (Testable in Both PMDC & NUMS)

Mechanics & Energy

Newton laws, Momentum conservation, Work-Energy theorem, Gravitational potential, Rotational inertia, and Circular motion centripetal acceleration.

Waves & Thermodynamics

Simple Harmonic Motion (mass-spring & pendulum), Doppler effect, Stationary waves, First Law of Thermodynamics, and Heat engines.

Electricity & Magnetism

Coulomb law, Electric potential, Capacitors (series/parallel), Ohm law, Kirchhoff rules, Magnetic force on charges/wires, and Faraday/Lenz laws of induction.

Modern & Nuclear Physics

Photoelectric effect, Compton scattering, De Broglie wavelength, Atomic emission spectra, Half-life decay equations, and Nuclear binding energy.

NUMS Scope (Omitted from PMDC)

NUMS Exclusive

13 Classical Units Focus

NUMS strictly limits physics to 13 standard chapters. Vectors, Fluid Dynamics, and Alternating Current do not appear on the NUMS entry test.

Direct Formula Numericals

Emphasis on algebraic manipulation, ratio problems, and unit conversions solvable rapidly without scrap paper.

PMDC Scope (Omitted from NUMS)

PMDC Exclusive

Unit 1: Vectors and Equilibrium

Addition of vectors by rectangular components, Scalar & Vector products, Torque, and First/Second conditions of static equilibrium. Excluded from NUMS.

Unit 5: Fluid Dynamics

Viscous drag, Stokes Law, Terminal Velocity, Equation of Continuity, Bernoulli Equation, and Hemodynamics (arterial blood flow). Excluded from NUMS.

Unit 12: Alternating Current

Peak and RMS values, AC through Resistor, Inductor, and Capacitor, Phase lead/lag, Impedance, and R-L-C series resonance circuits. Excluded from NUMS.

Strategic Preparation Playbook

PMDC 3-Unit Burden: If preparing for PMDC, ensure thorough mastery of Bernoulli hemodynamics and AC impedance formulas. These 3 units yield 6 to 8 marks.

NUMS Strategic Advantage: NUMS candidates gain substantial revision time by skipping Vectors, Fluid Dynamics, and AC, allowing concentrated focus on Mechanics and Electromagnetism.

English Syllabus Variance

National PMDC Curriculum vs. NUMS Armed Forces Table of Specifications

Comparative Audit

Shared Core Syllabus (Testable in Both PMDC & NUMS)

Grammar & Syntax Rules

Subject-Verb agreement, Tense consistency & sequence, Pronoun case & reference, and Correct usage of Prepositions/Articles.

Sentence Correction

Identifying Run-ons, Comma Splices, Sentence Fragments, Misplaced Modifiers, and Faulty Parallelism.

Reading & Lexical Context

Comprehension passages, Inferential questions, Main idea identification, and Vocabulary contextual meaning.

NUMS Scope (Omitted from PMDC)

NUMS Exclusive

Double Exam Weightage (15 MCQs / 10%)

NUMS assigns 15 MCQs (10% of total aggregate) to English, twice the proportion of PMDC (5%). English is a critical score multiplier for Army Medical College merit.

Punctuation & Homophone Testing

Explicitly tests semicolon usage, colon mechanics, apostrophe possessives, homophones (bare/bear, compliment/complement), and conditional clause classifications (Types 0, 1, 2, 3).

PMDC Scope (Omitted from NUMS)

PMDC Exclusive

Standard 9 MCQs (5%)

PMDC limits English to 9 questions covering formal textbook grammar rules, subject-verb agreement, and short reading passages.

Strategic Preparation Playbook

NUMS Merit Decider: Because NUMS English has 15 questions, a student scoring 15/15 gains a decisive edge over peers who treat English as an afterthought.

Punctuation Protocol: Dedicate specific study sessions to semicolon linking and independent clause coordination for the NUMS exam.

Logic vs Psychology Syllabus Variance

National PMDC Curriculum vs. NUMS Armed Forces Table of Specifications

Comparative Audit

Shared Core Syllabus (Testable in Both PMDC & NUMS)

Non-Academic Cognitive Assessment

Evaluating deductive logic, critical problem-solving, situational judgment, and mental resilience under strict time pressure.

NUMS Scope (Omitted from PMDC)

NUMS Exclusive

Paper-II Psychological Aptitude Test

Conducted immediately after Paper-I. 50 behavioral MCQs in 15 minutes (18 seconds per question). Evaluates emotional stability under trauma, empathy, integrity, and situational triage for military medical service.

Strict Personality Profiling

Evaluated for psychological fitness and consistency. Dishonest responses or answers indicating emotional volatility can disqualify candidates from Army Medical College selection.

PMDC Scope (Omitted from NUMS)

PMDC Exclusive

Logical Reasoning Section (9 MCQs / 5%)

Integral part of the 180-MCQ paper. Features Critical Thinking arguments, Symbol and Number series patterns, Syllogisms, Course of Action decisions, and Cause & Effect inferences.

Strategic Preparation Playbook

NUMS Paper-II Rule: Never overthink or attempt to game the test. Always pick the calm, ethical, patient-first response and maintain 100% answer consistency across similar scenarios.

PMDC Logic Practice: Use Venn diagrams for Syllogisms and note mathematical steps for Letter/Symbol series to guarantee 9/9 on PMDC Logical Reasoning.

Official Chapters Breakdown

Browse the syllabus topics for PMDC and NUMS.

Biology

16 Chapters Breakdown

45% (81 MCQs)

#01 Acellular Life

2 SLOs

Official Topics

Viruses: Structure and Classification AIDS and HIV Infection

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 2 specs

1.1. Classify viruses on basis of their structure/ number of strands/ diseases/ hosts etc.

1.2. Identify symptoms, mode of transmission and cause of viral disease (AIDS)

#02 Bioenergetics

1 SLOs

Official Topics

Cellular Respiration (Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron Transport Chain) Anaerobic Respiration and Energy Yield Role of ATP in Energy Coupling

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 1 specs

2.1. Outline the cellular respiration of proteins and fats and correlate these with that of glucose.

#03 Biological Molecules

10 SLOs

Official Topics

Biological Importance of Water Carbohydrates: Monosaccharides, Disaccharides, Polysaccharides Proteins: Amino Acids and Levels of Protein Structure Lipids: Fatty Acids, Phospholipids, Steroids Nucleic Acids: Structure of DNA and RNA Conjugated Molecules

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 10 specs

3.1. Define and classify biological molecules.

3.2. Discuss the importance of biological molecules

3.3. Describe biologically important properties of water (polarity, hydrolysis, specific heat, water as solvent and reagent, density, cohesion/ionization)

3.4. Discuss carbohydrates: monosaccharaides (glucose), oligosaccharides (cane sugar, sucrose, lactose), polysaccharides (starches, cellulose, glycogen)

3.5. Describe proteins: amino acids, structure of proteins

3.6. Describe lipids: phospholipids, triglycerides, alcohol and esters (acylglycerol)

3.7. Give an account of structure and function RNA

3.8. Discuss conjugated molecules (glycol lipids, glycol proteins)

3.9. Explain the double helical structure of DNA as proposed by Watson and Crick.

3.10. Define gene is a sequence of nucleotides as part of DNA, which codes for the formation of a polypeptide.

#04 Cell Structure & Function

4 SLOs

Official Topics

Prokaryotic vs. Eukaryotic Cell Structure Cell Membrane Structure and Fluid Mosaic Model Cytoplasmic Organelles (Mitochondria, ER, Golgi, Lysosomes, Plastids) Nucleus and Chromosomes

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 4 specs

4.1. Compare the structure of typical animal and plant cell

4.2. Compare and contrast the structure of prokaryotic cells with eukaryotic cells

4.3. Outline the structure and function of the following organelles: nucleus, Endoplasmic reticulum, Golgi apparatus a Mitochondria

4.4. Describe the structure, chemical composition and function of chromosomes. 3 . BIOLOGY

#05 Coordination & Control / Nervous & Chemical Coordination

7 SLOs

Official Topics

Receptors as Transducers Structure of Typical Neuron and Nerve Impulse Generation Reflexes and Functions of Reflex Arc Components Human Brain Anatomy (Forebrain, Midbrain, Hindbrain) and Functions Chemical Coordination and Endocrine Glands

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 7 specs

5.1. Recognize receptors as transducers sensitive to various stimuli.

5.2. Explain the structure of a typical neuron (cell body, dendrites, axon and myelin sheath

5.3. Define nerve impulse

5.4. Classify reflexes

5.5. Briefly explain the functions of components of a reflex arc

5.6. Discuss the main parts of the brain (e.g., components of brain stem, mid brain, cerebellum, cerebrum)

5.7. Describe the functions of each part.

#06 Enzymes

4 SLOs

Official Topics

Characteristics of Enzymes and Mode of Action (Lock & Key, Induced Fit) Factors Affecting Rate of Enzyme Reactions (Temperature, pH, Substrate Concentration) Enzyme Inhibitors (Competitive and Non-Competitive)

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 4 specs

6.1. Describe the distinguishing characteristics of enzymes

6.2. Explain mechanism of action of enzymes

6.3. Describe effects of factor on enzyme action (temperature, concentration)

6.4. Describe enzyme inhibitors

#07 Evolution

3 SLOs

Official Topics

Theories of Evolution: Lamarckism vs. Darwinism Mechanism of Natural Selection and Neo-Darwinism Evidence for Evolution

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 3 specs

7.1. Explain origin of life according to concept of evolution

7.2. Describe the theory of inheritance of acquired characters, as proposed by Lamarck.

7.3. Explain the theory of natural selection as proposed by Darwin

#08 Reproduction

3 SLOs

Official Topics

Human Male and Female Reproductive Systems Menstrual Cycle and Hormonal Regulation Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STDs)

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 3 specs

8.1. Describe the functions of various parts of the male & female reproductive systems and the hormones that regulate those functions

8.2. Describe the menstrual cycle (female reproductive cycle) emphasizing the role of hormones

8.3. List the common sexually transmitted diseases along with their causative agents and main symptoms

#09 Support & Movement

7 SLOs

Official Topics

Human Skeleton: Axial and Appendicular Divisions Structure of Skeletal Muscles and Sliding Filament Model Types of Joints and Skeletal Disorders (Arthritis)

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 7 specs

9.1. Describe cartilage, muscle and bone

9.2. Explain the main characteristics of cartilage and bone along with functions.

9.3. Compare characteristics of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles and skeletal muscles

9.4. Explain the ultra-structure of skeletal muscles 4 1. BIOLOGY

9.5. Describe in brief the process of skeletal muscle contraction

9.6. Classify joints

9.7. Define arthritis

#10 Inheritance

6 SLOs

Official Topics

Mendel's Laws of Inheritance: Law of Segregation and Law of Independent Assortment Gene Linkage and Crossing Over Sex-Linked Inheritance (Hemophilia and Color Blindness)

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 6 specs

10.1. Associate inheritance with the laws of Mendel.

10.2. Explain the law of independent assortment, using a suitable example.

10.3. Describe the terms gene linkage and crossing over . Explain how gene linkage counters independent assortment and crossing-over modifies the progeny

10.5. Describe the concept of sex-linkage.

10.6. Briefly describe Inheritance of sex -linked traits

10.7. Analyze the inheritance of hemophilia.

#11 Circulation

4 SLOs

Official Topics

Human Heart Anatomy, Cardiac Cycle, and Phases of Heartbeat Blood Vessels: Arteries, Capillaries, and Veins Lymphatic System and Tissue Fluid Exchange

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 4 specs

11.1. Discuss general structure of human heart

11.2. Describe the phases of heartbeat.

11.3. List the differences and functions of arteries, veins and capillaries.

11.4. Describe lymphatic system (nodes, vessels and organs)

#12 Immunity

1 SLOs

Official Topics

First and Second Lines of Defense (Non-Specific Immunity) Specific Immune Response: Humoral (B-Cells) and Cell-Mediated (T-Cells) Active and Passive Immunity (Vaccination and Immunization)

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 1 specs

12.1. Define and discuss the functions and importance of specific defense mechanisms.

#13 Respiration

3 SLOs

Official Topics

Human Respiratory System Anatomy (Airway and Lungs) Mechanics of Breathing and Gas Exchange Across Alveoli Transport of Respiratory Gases (Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide)

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 3 specs

13.1. Discuss the functions of main part of respiratory system.

13.2. Discuss the process of gas exchange in human lungs.

13.3. Discuss the effect of smoking on respiratory system.

#14 Digestion

2 SLOs

Official Topics

Human Digestive System Anatomy and Digestive Processes Digestion and Absorption in Oral Cavity, Stomach, and Small Intestine Role of Liver, Gallbladder, and Pancreas in Digestion

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 2 specs

14.1. Describe the parts of human digestive system

14.2. Explain the functions of the main parts of the digestive system including associated structures and glands

#15 Homeostasis

8 SLOs

Official Topics

Mechanisms of Homeostasis and Negative Feedback Control Human Urinary System and Nephron Structure/Function Osmoregulation and Thermoregulation

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 8 specs

15.1. Explain different organs of urinary system. Describe the structure of kidney and relate it with its function. 5 1. BIOLOGY

15.2. Explain the processes of glomerular filtration, selective re-absorption and tubular secretion as the events in kidney functioning.

15.3. Justify the functioning of kidneys as both excretion and osmoregulation.

15.4. Compare the function of two major capillary beds in kidney i.e. glomerular capillaries and peritubular capillaries.

15.5. Explain the causes and treatments of kidney stones.

15.6. Outline the causes of kidney failure.

15.7. Describe thermoregulation and explain its needs.

15.8. List various nitrogenous compounds excreted during the process of excretion.

#16 Biotechnology

3 SLOs

Official Topics

Recombinant DNA Technology and Restriction Enzymes Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and Gel Electrophoresis Applications of Biotechnology in Medicine and Health Care

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 3 specs

16.1. Describe how biotechnologists can combat health problems by producing vaccines.

16.2. State the role played by biotechnology in disease diagnosis (DNA/RNA probes, monoclonal antibodies).

16.3. Describe what products biotechnologists obtain for use in disease treatment. 6

Chemistry

20 Chapters Breakdown

25% (45 MCQs)

#01 Introduction to Fundamental Concepts of Chemistry

6 SLOs

Official Topics

Moles and Avogadro's Numbers Stoichiometric Calculations with Balanced Equations Limiting Reactant Percentage Yield

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 6 specs

1.1. Construct mole ratios from balanced equations for use as conversion factors in stoichiometric problems.

1.2. Perform stoichiometric calculations with balanced equations using moles, representative particles, masses and volumes of the gases (at ST).

1.3. Explain the limiting reagent in reaction

1.4. Calculate the maximum number of products produced and the amount of any un-reacted excess reagent

1.5. Given information from which any two the following may be determine, calculate the third: theoretical yield, actual yield, percentage yield.

1.6 . Calculate the theoretical yield and the percent yield when given the balanced equation, the amount of reactants and the actual yield.

#02 Atomic Structure

8 SLOs

Official Topics

Discovery of Subatomic Particles and Planck's Quantum Theory Quantum Numbers and Shapes of Orbitals Hydrogen Emission and Absorption Spectrum Electronic Configuration Rules (Aufbau Principle, Pauli Exclusion, Hund's Rule)

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 8 specs

2.1. Describe discovery and properties of proton (Positive rays)

2.2. Define Photon as a unit of radiation energy

2.3. Describe the concept of orbitals.

2.4. Distinguish among Principal energy level, energy sub-level and atomic orbitals

2.5. Describe the general shapes of S, P and orbitals.

2.6. Describe Hydrogen Atom using the quantum theory

2.7. Use the Aufbau principle, the Pauli Exclusion Principle and Hund's Rule to write the Electronic Configuration of atoms.

2.8. Write electronic configuration of atom

#03 Gases

9 SLOs

Official Topics

Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases Standard Temperature and Pressure (STP) Boyle's Law, Charles's Law, and Absolute Zero Ideal Gas Equation and Units of Ideal Gas Constant 'R' Real Gases vs. Ideal Gases and Van der Waals Deviations

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 9 specs

3.1. List the postulates of Kinetic Molecular Theory

3.2. Describe the motion of particles of the gas according to kinetic theory.

3.3. State the values of standard temperature and pressure (STP)

3.4. Describe the effect of change in pressure on the volume of gas.

3.5. Describe the effect of change in temperature on the volume of gas.

3.6. Explain the significance of the absolute zero, giving its value in degree.

3.7. Derive Ideal Gas equation using Boyle's Law, Charle's Law and Avogadro's Law.

3.8. Explain the significance and different units of ideal gas constant.

3.9. Distinguish between Real and Ideal Gases.

#04 Liquids

4 SLOs

Official Topics

Kinetic Molecular Theory Description of Liquids Evaporation, Vapor Pressure, and Boiling Point Hydrogen Bonding and Intermolecular Forces Anomalous Properties and Behavior of Water

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 4 specs

4.1. Describe simple properties of liquids e.g diffusion, compression, expansion, motion of molecules, spaces between them, inter molecular forces and kinetic energy based on kinetic molecular theory.

4.2. Explain physical properties of liquid such as evaporation, vapor pressure, boiling point

4.3. Describe the hydrogen bonding in H2O, NH3 and HF molecules.

4.4. Anomalous behavior of water when its density shows maximum at 4 degrees centigrade.

#05 Solids

5 SLOs

Official Topics

Crystalline vs. Amorphous Solids Crystal Lattice, Unit Cell, and Lattice Energy Ionic, Covalent, Molecular, and Metallic Crystals Factors Affecting Crystal Structure

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 5 specs

5.1. Describe crystalline solid

5.2. Name three factors that affect the shape of the ionic crystals.

5.3. Give brief description of ionic and molecular crystals.

5.4. Explain the structure of a crystal lattice

5.5. Define Lattice Energy,

#06 Chemical Equilibrium

7 SLOs

Official Topics

Reversible Reactions and Dynamic Chemical Equilibrium Equilibrium Law and Equilibrium Constants (Kc and Kp) Le Chatelier's Principle and Industrial Applications (Haber's Process) Solubility Product and Common Ion Effect Buffer Solutions: Mechanism and Applications

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 7 specs

6.1. Define chemical equilibrium in terms of reversible reaction.

6.2. Write both forward and reverse. Describe them macroscopic characteristics of each

6.3. State Le Chatelier's principle and be able to apply it to systems in equilibrium with changes in concentration, pressure, temperature or addition of catalyst.

6.4. Define and explain solubility products. 8

6.5. Define and explain the common ion effect by giving suitable examples.

6.6. Define buffer solution and explain types of buffers.

6.7. Explain synthesis of Ammonia by Haber's process.

#07 Reaction Kinetics

7 SLOs

Official Topics

Rate of Reaction and Factors Affecting Reaction Rates Order of Reaction and Rate Equation/Rate Constant Activation Energy and Collision Theory / Activated Complex

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 7 specs

7.1. Define chemical kinetics.

7.2. Explain the terms: rate of reaction, rate equation.

7.3. Explain qualitatively factors affecting rate of reaction.

7.4. Give the order with respect to the reactant, write the rate of law for reaction.

7.5. Explain the meaning of the term 'activation energy' and 'activated complex'.

7.6. Relate the ideas of activation energy and the activated complex to the rate of reaction.

7.7. Describe the role of the rate constant in the theoretical determination of reaction rate.

#08 Thermochemistry & Energetics of Chemical Reactions

7 SLOs

Official Topics

Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions First Law of Thermodynamics and Internal Energy Enthalpy of Reaction, Formation, and Neutralization Hess's Law of Constant Heat Summation and Born-Haber Cycles

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 7 specs

8.1. Define Thermodynamics

8.2. Classify reactions as exothermic and endothermic

8.3. Define the terms system, surrounding boundary, state function, heat, heat capacity, internal energy, work done and enthalpy of a substance.

8.4. Name and define the units of the Internal energy.

8.5. Explain the first law of thermodynamics of energy conservation.

8.6. Apply Hess's Law to construct simple energy cycles.

8.7. Describe enthalpy of the reaction

#09 Electrochemistry

5 SLOs

Official Topics

Oxidation States and Redox Reactions Balancing Chemical Equations by Oxidation Number and Ion-Electron Methods Standard Hydrogen Electrode (SHE) and Standard Reduction Potentials Electrochemical Cells: Galvanic Cells and Electrolytic Cells

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 5 specs

9.1. Give the characteristics of a redox reaction.

9.2. Define oxidation and reduction in terms of a change in oxidation number.

9.3. Use the oxidation number change method to identify atoms being oxidized or reduced in redox reactions.

9.4. Define Cathode, anode, electrode potential and S.H.E

9.5. Define the standard electrode potential of an electrode.

#10 Chemical Bonding

8 SLOs

Official Topics

Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion (VSEPR) Theory Sigma and Pi Bonds Orbital Hybridization (sp3, sp2, sp) Dipole Moment and Molecular Polarity Bond Energy and Bond Length

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 8 specs

10.1. Use VSEPR Theory to describe the shapes of the molecules.

10.2. Describe the features of sigma and pi- bonds.

10.3. Describe the shapes of simple molecules using orbital hybridization.

10.4. Determine the shapes of some molecules from the number of the bonded pairs.

10.5. Predict the molecular polarity from the shapes of molecules.

10.6. Explain what is meant by the term ionic character of the covalent bond.

10.7. Describe how knowledge of molecular polarity can be used to explain some physical and chemical properties of the molecules.

10.8. Define bond energies and explain how they can be used to compare bonds strength of different chemical bonds.

#11 S and P Block Elements

5 SLOs

Official Topics

Periodic Trends in Physical and Chemical Properties Demarcation of S, P, D, and F Blocks Reactions of Group I Elements (Alkali Metals) Reactions of Group II Elements (Alkaline Earth Metals) Reactions of Group IV Elements

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 5 specs

11.1. Define and explain the terms atomic radii, ionic radii, covalent radii, ionization energy, electron affinity, electro negativity, bond energy and bond length.

11.2. Recognize the demarcation of the periodic table into S-block, P-block, D-block and F- block.

11.3. Describe reactions of Group I elements with water, oxygen and chlorine.

11.4. Describe reactions of Group II elements with water, oxygen and chlorine.

11.5. Describe reactions of Group IV Elements.

#12 Transition Elements

1 SLOs

Official Topics

Electronic Structure of d-Block Elements and Ions General Characteristics: Variable Oxidation States, Color, Catalysis, Complex Formation

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 1 specs

12.1. Describe the electronic structures of the elements and ions of d-block Elements.

#13 Fundamental Principles of Organic Chemistry

4 SLOs

Official Topics

Classification of Organic Compounds Functional Groups and Homologous Series Isomerism: Structural Isomerism and Stereoisomerism

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 4 specs

13.1. Define organic chemistry and organic compound.

13.2. Classify organic compounds on structural basis.

13.3. Define functional group.

13.4. Explain stereoisomerism and its types.

#14 Chemistry of Hydrocarbons

19 SLOs

Official Topics

Nomenclature of Alkanes, Alkenes, and Alkynes Free Radical Substitution Mechanism in Alkanes (Methane, Ethane) Shapes, Structure, and Reactivity of Alkenes (Ethene) Preparation of Alkenes: Dehydration of Alcohols and Dehydrohalogenation Structure, Molecular Orbital Treatment, and Resonance Energy of Benzene Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: Nitration, Halogenation, Sulphonation, Friedel-Crafts Directive Effect of Substituents on Benzene Ring Acidity, Preparation, and Addition Reactions of Alkynes

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 19 specs

14.1. Describe the nomenclature of Alkanes.

14.2. Define Free Radical Initiation, propagation and termination.

14.3. Describe the mechanism of the free radical substitution in alkanes exemplified by Methane and Ethane. 10

14.4. Explain the IUPAC nomenclature of alkenes.

14.5. Explain the shapes of the Ethene molecules in terms of Sigma and Pi C-C Bonds.

14.6. Describe the structure and reactivity of Alkenes as exemplified by Ethene.

14.7. Explain Dehydration of Alcohols and Dehydrohalogenation of RX for the preparation of Ethane

14.8. Explain the shape of Benzene Molecules (Molecular orbital treatment).

14.9. Define resonance, resonance energy and relative stability.

14.10. Compare the reactivity of benzene with alkanes and alkenes.

14.11. Define addition reactions of benzene and methylbenzene.

14.12. Describe the mechanism of electrophilic substitution in Benzene.

14.13. Discuss chemistry of benzene and methylbenzene by nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, Friedal Craft's Alkylation and acylation.

14.14. Apply the knowledge of positions of substituents in the electrophilic substitution of benzene.

14.15. Use the IUPAC naming System of Alkynes.

14.16. Describe the preparation of Alkynes using elimination reactions.

14.17. Describe the acidity of alkynes

14.18. Discuss chemistry of alkynes by hydrogenation, hydro halogenation and hydration.

14.19. Describe and differentiate between substitution and Addition reactions.

#15 Alkyl Halides

4 SLOs

Official Topics

Classification, Nomenclature, and Reactivity of Alkyl Halides Nucleophilic Substitution Mechanisms: SN1 and SN2 Reactions Elimination Mechanisms: E1 and E2 Reactions

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 4 specs

15.1. Name Alkyl Halides using IUPAC system.

15.2. Discuss the structure and reactivity of RX.

15.3. Describe the mechanism and types of nucleophilic substitution reactions.

15.4. Describe the mechanism and types of elimination reactions.

#16 Alcohols and Phenols

6 SLOs

Official Topics

Nomenclature, Structure, and Classification of Alcohols Reactions of Alcohols: Conversion to Ethers and Esters Nomenclature, Structure, and Physical Properties of Phenols Acidity of Phenols vs. Alcohols and Electrophilic Substitution in Phenols

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 6 specs

16.1. Explain nomenclature and structure of Alcohols.

16.2. Explain the reactivity of Alcohols.

16.3. Describe the chemistry of alcohols by preparation of ethers and esters.

16.4. Explain the nomenclature, structure and reactivity of Alcohol

16.5. Discuss the reactivity of phenol and their chemistry by electrophilic aromatic substitution.

16.6. Differentiate between an alcohol and phenol.

#17 Aldehydes and Ketones

6 SLOs

Official Topics

Nomenclature and Structure of Carbonyl Compounds Preparation and Comparative Reactivity of Aldehydes and Ketones Nucleophilic Addition Reactions (Acid and Base Catalyzed) Reduction to Alcohols and Oxidation Reactions

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 6 specs

17.1. Explain nomenclature and structure of Aldehydes and Ketones.

17.2. Discuss the preparation of aldehydes and ketones.

17.3. Describe Reactivity of Aldehydes and Ketones and their comparison.

17.4. Describe Acid and Base catalyzed Nucleophilic addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones.

17.5. Discuss the chemistry of Aldehydes and Ketones by their reduction to alcohols

17.6. Describe oxidation reactions of aldehydes and ketones.

#18 Carboxylic Acids

3 SLOs

Official Topics

Nomenclature, Structure, and Physical Properties of Carboxylic Acids Preparation and Acidity of Carboxylic Acids Carboxylic Acid Derivatives: Acyl Halides, Acid Anhydrides, Esters, Amides

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 3 specs

18.1. Describe nomenclature, Structure and Preparation of Carboxylic Acid.

18.2. Discuss reactivity of carboxylic acid.

18.3. Describe the Chemistry of carboxylic acid by conversion to carboxylic acid derivative: acyl halides, an acid hydrides, esters and reaction involving into conversion of these.

#19 Macromolecules

3 SLOs

Official Topics

Classification, Structure, and Functions of Proteins Biological Importance of Proteins in Metabolism Enzymes as Biological Catalysts

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 3 specs

19.1. Explain the basis of classification and structure function relationship of proteins.

19.2. Describe the role of various proteins in maintaining body functions and their Nutritional importance.

19.3. Describe the role of enzymes as Biocatalyst.

#20 Industrial Chemistry

3 SLOs

Official Topics

Types, Chemistry, and Industrial Applications of Adhesives Classification and Applications of Dyes Addition and Condensation Polymers and Synthetic Fibers

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 3 specs

20.1. Know about types and application of Adhesive.

20.2. Know about types of dies and their uses.

20.3. Know about condensation and addition polymers and their sub-types.

Physics

16 Chapters Breakdown

20% (36 MCQs)

#01 Vectors and Equilibrium

3 SLOs

Official Topics

Addition of Vectors: Rectangular Components Method Product of Vectors: Scalar Product (Dot Product) Product of Vectors: Vector Product (Cross Product)

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 3 specs

1.1. Determine the sum of vectors using perpendicular Components

1.2. Describe Scalar Product of two vectors in term of angle between them

1.3. Describe Vector product of two vectors in terms of angle between them.

#02 Force and Motion

17 SLOs

Official Topics

Displacement, Velocity, and Acceleration Displacement-Time and Velocity-Time Graphs Uniformly Accelerated Motion Equations Projectile Motion: Maximum Height, Range, and Time of Flight Newton's Three Laws of Motion and Linear Momentum Elastic and Inelastic Collisions in One Dimension Momentum Conservation in Explosive Forces

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 17 specs

2.1. Describe displacement.

2.2. Describe average velocity of objects.

2.3. Interpret displacement-time graph of objects moving along the same straight line.

2.4. Describe acceleration

2.5. Distinguish between uniform and variable acceleration.

2.6. Explain that projectile motion is two-dimensional motion in a vertical plane.

2.7. Communicate the ideas of a projectile in the absence of air resistance.

2.8. Explain Horizontal component (VH) of velocity is constant.

2.9. Acceleration is in the vertical direction and is the same as that of a vertically free- falling object.

2.10. Differentiate between the characteristics of horizontal motion and vertical motion

2.11. Evaluate, using equations of uniformly accelerated motion for a given initial velocity of frictionless projectile, the following issues: a. How much higher does it go? b. How far would it go along the level land? c. Where would it be after a given time? d. How long will it remain in air? e. Determine the parameters for a projectile launched from ground height f. Launch angle that results in the maximum range g. Relation between the launch angles that result in the same range.

2.12. Apply Newton's laws to explain the motion of objects in a variety of context.

2.13. Describe the Newton's second law of motion as rate of change of momentum. 14 CS

2.14. Correlate Newton's third law of motion and conservation of momentum.

2.15. Solve different problems of elastic and inelastic collisions between two bodies in one dimension by using law of conservation of momentum.

2.16. Describe that momentum is conservational situations.

2.17. Identify that for a perfectly elastic collision, the relative speed of approach is equal to the relative speed of separation.

#03 Work and Energy

8 SLOs

Official Topics

Work Done by Constant and Variable Forces Kinetic Energy and Work-Energy Theorem Potential Energy and Gravitational Potential Energy Absolute Potential Energy and Escape Velocity Power and Mechanical Efficiency in Practical Devices

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 8 specs

3.1. Describe the concept of work in terms of the product of force F and displacement d in the direction of force

3.2. Describe energy

3.3. Explain kinetic energy

3.4. Explain the difference between potential energy and gravitational potential energy.

3.5. Describe that the gravitational potential energy is measured from a reference level and can be positive or negative, to denote the orientation from the reference levels.

3.6. Express power as scalar product of force and velocity.

3.7. Explain that work done against friction is dissipated as heat in the environment.

3.8. State the implications of energy losses in practical devices

#04 Rotational and Circular Motion

4 SLOs

Official Topics

Angular Displacement, Angular Velocity, and Angular Acceleration Relation Between Linear and Angular Variables Centripetal Force and Centripetal Acceleration

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 4 specs

4.1. Define angular displacement, express angular displacement in radians.

4.2. Define revolution, degree and radian

4.3. Describe the term angular velocity

4.4. Find out the relationship between the following: a. Relation between linear and angular variables b. Relation between linear and angular displacements c. Relation between linear and angular velocities d. Relation between linear and angular accelerations

#05 Fluid Dynamics

10 SLOs

Official Topics

Terminal Velocity of Falling Objects Fluid Drag and Viscous Drag Forces Fluid Flow: Streamline / Laminar Flow vs. Turbulent Flow Equation of Continuity (Av = Constant) and Conservation of Mass Bernoulli's Equation and Principle Applications of Bernoulli's Effect (Blood Physics, Lift, Venturi Meter)

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 10 specs

5.1. Describe the terminal velocity of an object.

5.2. Define and explain the term fluid drag.

5.3. Define the terms: Steady (Streamline or laminar) flow, Incompressible flow and non-viscous flow as applied to the motion of an ideal fluid.

5.4. Explain that at the sufficiently high velocity, the flow of viscous fluid undergoes a transition from laminar to turbulence conditions.

5.5. Describe that majority of practical examples of fluid flow and resistance to motion in fluid involve turbulent rather than laminar conditions

5.6. Describe equation of continuity Av= constant for the flow of an ideal and incompressible fluid and solve problems using it.

5.7. Identify that the equation of continuity is the form of principle of conservation of mass.

5.8. Interpret and apply Bernoulli's effect in Blood physics.

5.9. Derive Bernoulli's equation for the case of horizontal tube of flow

5.10. Describe the pressure difference can arise from different rates of flow of fluid (Bernoulli's effect).

#06 Waves

16 SLOs

Official Topics

Progressive Waves and Wave Motion Characteristics Transverse and Longitudinal Waves Comparison Speed of Sound: Newton's Formula and Laplace's Correction Factors Affecting Speed of Sound in Air Principle of Superposition and Wave Interference Stationary Waves in Stretched Strings and Organ Pipes Simple Harmonic Motion (SHM) Characteristics and Energy Conservation

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 16 specs

6.1. Describe the meaning of wave motion as illustrated by vibrations in ropes and springs.

6.2. Demonstrate that mechanical waves require a medium for their propagation while electromagnetic waves do not.

6.3. Define and apply the following terms to the wave el; medium, displacement, amplitude, period, compression, rarefaction, crest, trough, wavelength, velocity.

6.4. Solve problems using the equation: v = fλ.

6.5. Describe that energy is transferred due to a progressive wave.

6.6. Compare transverse and longitudinal waves.

6.7. Explain that speed of sound depends on the properties of medium in which it propagates and describe Newton's formula of speed of waves.

6.8. Describe the Laplace correction in Newton's formula for speed of sound in air. .9. Identify the factors on which speed of sound in air depends.

6.10. Describe the principle of super position of two waves from coherent sources. 16 CS

6.11. Describe the phenomenon of interference of sound waves.

6.12. Explain the formation of stationary waves using graphical method

6.13. Define the terms, node and antinodes.

6.14. Describe modes of vibration of strings.

6.15. Describe formation of stationary waves in vibrating air columns. Explain the principle of Superposition

6.17. Explain Simple Harmonic Motion (S.H.M) and explain the characteristics of S.H.M. (Chapter: Oscillation)

6.18. Describe that when an object moves in a circle, the of its projection on the diameter of a circle is SHM.

#07 Thermodynamics

6 SLOs

Official Topics

Thermal Equilibrium and Internal Energy First Law of Thermodynamics and Conservation of Energy Molar Specific Heat of Gases at Constant Volume (Cv) and Constant Pressure (Cp) Relation Between Molar Specific Heats (Cp - Cv = R)

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 6 specs

7.1. Describe that thermal energies transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature.

7.2. Differentiate between specific heat and molar specific heat.

7.3. Calculate work done by a thermodynamic system during a volume change.

7.4. Describe the first law of thermodynamics expressed in terms of the change in internal energy, the heating of the system and work done on the system.

7.5. Explain that first law of thermodynamics expresses the conservation of energy.

7.6. Define the terms, specific heat and molar specific heats of a gas. Apply the first law of thermodynamics to derive the lation Cp-Cv=RC for an ideal gas

#08 Electrostatics

9 SLOs

Official Topics

Coulomb's Law in Free Space and Material Media Electric Field Intensity and Electric Field Lines Electric Field Due to an Infinite Sheet of Charge Electric Potential Energy and Potential Due to a Point Charge Charging and Discharging of a Capacitor Through Resistance

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 9 specs

8.1. State Coulomb's law and explain that force between two-point charges is reduced in a medium other than free space using Coulomb's law

8.2. Describe the concept of an electric field as an example of a field of force

8.3. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the electric field at a point due to two charges with the same or opposite signs

8.4. Sketch the electric field lines for two-point charges of equal magnitude with same or opposite signs

8.5. Describe and draw the electric field due to an infinite size conducting plate of positive or negative charge

8.6. Define electric potential at a point in terms of the work done in bringing unit positive charge from infinity to that point

8.7. Define the unit of potential

8.8. Derive an expression for electric potential at a point due to a point charge

8.9. Demonstrate charging and discharging of a capacitor through a resistance

#09 Current Electricity

5 SLOs

Official Topics

Steady Current and Ohm's Law Resistivity and Temperature Coefficient of Resistance Internal Resistance of Voltage Sources Maximum Power Transfer Theorem

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 5 specs

9.1. Describe the concept of steady current.

9.2. State Ohm's law.

9.3. Define resistivity and explain its dependence upon perature.

9.4. Explain the internal resistance of sources and its consequences for external circuits.

9.5. Describe the conditions for maximum power transfer.

#10 Electromagnetism

4 SLOs

Official Topics

Magnetic Field and Magnetic Flux Density Magnetic Flux (Scalar Product of B and A) Force on Charged Particle Moving in Uniform Magnetic Field

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 4 specs

10.1. Define magnetic flux density and its units.

10.2. Describe the concept of magnetic flux Φ (Phi) as scalar product of magnetic field(B) and area(A)using the relation ØB=B┴A=B.A.

10.3. Describe quantitatively the path followed by a charged particle hot into a magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the field.

10.4. Explain that a force may act on a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field.

#11 Electromagnetic Induction

4 SLOs

Official Topics

Faraday's Law of Electromagnetic Induction Lenz's Law and Energy Conservation Transformers: Construction, Working, and Step-Up/Step-Down Applications

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 4 specs

11.1. State Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.

11.2. Account for Lenz's law to predict the direction of an induced current and relate to the principle of conservation of energy.

11.3. Describe the construction of a transformer and explain how it works.

11.4. Describe how set-up and step-down transformers can be used to ensure efficient transfer of electricity along cables.

#12 Alternating Current

3 SLOs

Official Topics

Phase of Alternating Current (Phase Lag and Phase Lead) AC Through Pure Resistor, Capacitor, and Inductor Electromagnetic Spectrum and Waves

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 3 specs

12.1. Describe the phase of Alternating Current and explain how phase lag and phase lead occur in AC circuits

12.2. Explain the flow of AC through resistors, Capacitors and Inductor

12.3. Become familiar with EM spectrum (ranging from radio waves to Gamma rays)

#13 Electronics

2 SLOs

Official Topics

Half-Wave and Full-Wave Rectification PN Junction Diode: Forward and Reverse Biasing Characteristics

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 2 specs

13.1. Define rectification and describe the use of diodes for half and full wave rectifications.

13.2. Describe the PN Junction and discuss its forward and reverse biasing

#14 Dawn of Modern Physics

1 SLOs

Official Topics

Quantum Theory of Radiation and Photon Model of Light

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 1 specs

14.1. Explain the particle model of light in terms of photons with energy

#15 Atomic Spectra

1 SLOs

Official Topics

Atomic Emission and Absorption Line Spectra

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 1 specs

15.1. Describe and explain atomic spectra/ line spectrum

#16 Nuclear Physics

4 SLOs

Official Topics

Composition of Atomic Nuclei Spontaneous and Random Nature of Radioactive Nuclear Decay Half-Life and Radioactive Decay Law Biological and Medical Uses of Radiation

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 4 specs

16.1. Describe a simple model for the atom to include protons, neutrons and electrons

16.2. Identify the spontaneous and random nature of nuclear decay.

16.3. Describe the term half -life and solve problems using the equationλ = 0.693. T1 2

16.4. Describe biological effects of radiation state and explain the different medical uses of radiation. 19

English

3 Chapters Breakdown

5% (9 MCQs)

#01 Reading and Thinking Skills

3 SLOs

Official Topics

Short question comprehension and contextual scanning Contextual meaning deduction from textual clues Figurative language analysis and sensory perception in literary text

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 3 specs

1.1. Scan to answer short questions accurately from given text.

1.2. Deduce the meanings of words and phrases from contextual clues.

1.3. Analyze how a writer uses language to appeal to the senses through figurative devices.

#02 Formal and Lexical Aspects of Language

14 SLOs

Official Topics

Vocabulary in context (synonyms, irony, parody, satire) Pronoun-antecedent agreement Tenses and sequence of tenses Infinitives and gerund phrases Adverbs: positioning and classification Prepositions of position, time, movement, and direction Transitional devices and cohesive markers Punctuation conventions Sentence clauses and word inversion Active and passive voice Direct and indirect speech

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 14 specs

2.1. Deduce the meaning of difficult words from the context using contextual clues.

2.2. Explore the use of synonyms with varying shades of meaning used for irony, parody, and satire.

2.3. Illustrate correct use of pronoun-antecedent agreement.

2.4. Illustrate precise and consistent use of tenses in varied sentence frames.

2.5. Illustrate use of infinitives and infinitive phrases.

2.6. Illustrate use of gerunds and gerund phrases.

2.7. Recognize varying positions of adverbs in sentences according to their kinds and importance.

2.8. Illustrate use of prepositions of position, time, movement, and direction.

2.9. Use in speech and writing all appropriate transitional devices.

2.10. Illustrate use of all punctuation marks wherever applicable.

2.11. Analyze sentences for different clauses and phrases, evaluating how their position changes meaning.

2.12. Recognize and use sentence inversion for rhetorical and stylistic purposes.

2.13. Use active and passive voice appropriately according to the required communicative function.

2.14. Use direct and indirect speech appropriately in communicative writing.

#03 Writing Skills and Proofreading

4 SLOs

Official Topics

Error detection and proofreading for usage and style Faulty sentence structure (run-ons, comma splices, fragments) Subject-verb agreement conventions Capitalization, punctuation, and spelling mechanics

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 4 specs

3.1. Proofread and edit given texts for errors of usage, syntax, and style.

3.2. Identify and rectify faulty sentence structures including comma splices and fragments.

3.3. Apply subject-verb agreement rules across complex, compound, and inverted sentences.

3.4. Detect and correct errors of punctuation, capitalization, and spelling.

Logical Reasoning

6 Chapters Breakdown

5% (9 MCQs)

#01 Critical Thinking

3 SLOs

Official Topics

Separating truth from falsehood using deductive logic Evaluating reasonable from unreasonable claims and assumptions Analyzing truth-value in medical contextual passages

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 3 specs

5.1.1. Develop logical arguments determining statements to be true, probably true, false, or probably false.

5.1.2. Provide evidence-based reasoning for valid claims.

5.1.3. Identify and critically evaluate false beliefs and fallacies using structured reasoning.

#02 Letter and Symbol Series

3 SLOs

Official Topics

Sequential arithmetic patterns and number series Geometric progressions and interval sequences Alphabetical order transformations and symbol rotations

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 3 specs

5.2.1. Formulate arithmetical operations to determine missing terms in numerical series.

5.2.2. Formulate geometric progression models to predict sequence trajectories.

5.2.3. Formulate series and sequential orders according to specific letter, symbol, and pattern rules.

#03 Logical Deductions

2 SLOs

Official Topics

Categorical syllogisms and Venn deductions Premise-to-conclusion inference validation Analytical deductions from conditional relations

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 2 specs

5.3.1. Predict new relations strictly on the basis of given relational statements.

5.3.2. Deduce structural arrangements and positional orders from premise sets.

#04 Logical Problems

2 SLOs

Official Topics

Deductive puzzle solving and constraint satisfaction Truth-teller and liar logic riddles Multi-variable mapping and matrix elimination

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 2 specs

5.4.1. Infer results from multi-variable puzzle frameworks to resolve dependent questions.

5.4.2. Develop systematic constraint elimination techniques to solve analytical logic puzzles.

#05 Course of Action

3 SLOs

Official Topics

Evaluating practical administrative and policy interventions Assessing root-cause solutions vs. symptomatic fixes Feasibility and ethical proportionality of actions

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 3 specs

5.5.1. Gather and synthesize disparate components of situational problem statements.

5.5.2. Select logically necessary and practically feasible administrative courses of action.

5.5.3. Judge competing courses of action using rigorous cost-benefit and ethical criteria.

#06 Cause and Effect

3 SLOs

Official Topics

Differentiating causal relations from mere correlation Independent causes vs. common cause phenomena Temporal precedence and causal mechanism validation

Official Learning Outcomes (SLOs) 3 specs

5.6.1. Identify causal mechanisms driving observed empirical events.

5.6.2. Reject spurious correlations and false causal claims through valid argument structures.

5.6.3. Construct well-grounded explanations distinguishing direct, indirect, and common causes.

Biology (NUMS)

13 Chapters Breakdown

37.0% (55 MCQs)

#01 Biodiversity (Acellular Life / Variety of Life)

3 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Classification of viruses Discovery of viruses Structure of viruses Viral disease (e.g., AIDS) BIODIVERSITY

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 3 specs

1.1. Trace the discovery of virus LIFE/ VARIETY OF

1.2. Classify viruses on basis of their structure/ number of strands/ LIFE) diseases/ host etc.

1.3. Identify symptoms, mode of transmission and cause of viral disease (AIDS)

#02 Bioenergetics

4 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Anaerobic respiration (respiration without oxygen) Electron transport chain Glycolysis/glycolytic pathway/aerobic respiration Light dependent and light independent phases/reactions, Oxidative phosphorylation /cyclic and non - cyclic phosphorylation, Photosynthesis Production of ATP Role of light, water, CO2, /factors effecting photosynthesis

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 4 specs

2.1. Explain the process of photosynthesis

2.2. Explain the role of factors (light, water, CO2) affecting photosynthesis

2.3. Explain light dependent and independent phases/reaction

2.4. Differentiate among Electron transport chain, phosphorylation, glycolysis, aerobic and anaerobic respiration

#03 Biological Molecules

8 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Introduction to biological molecules Water Carbohydrates Proteins Lipids Conjugated molecules (glycolipids, glycoproteins)

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 8 specs

3.1. Define and classify biological molecules.

3.2. Discuss the importance of biological molecules

3.3. Describe biologically important properties of water (polarity, hydrolysis, specific heat, water as solvent and reagent, density, cohesion/ionization)

3.4. Discuss carbohydrates: monosaccharides (glucose), oligosaccharides (cane sugar, sucrose, lactose), polysaccharides (starches, cellulose, glycogen)

3.5. Describe proteins: amino acids, structure of proteins

3.6. Describe lipids: phospholipids, triglycerides, alcohol and esters (acylglycerol)

3.7. Give an account of RNA

3.8. Discuss conjugated molecules (glycol lipids, glycol proteins)

#04 Cell Structure & Function

4 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Cell wall, Cytoplasm and cell organelles Nucleus Endoplasmic reticulum Mitochondria Golgi apparatus/ golgi complex / golgi bodies 4 - Lysosomes CELL STRUCTURE - Plastids/chloroplasts & FUNCTION - Vacuoles Prokaryote and eukaryote Fluid mosaic model

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 4 specs

4.1. Compare the structure of typical animal and plant cell

4.2. Compare and contrast the structure of prokaryotic cells with eukaryotic cells

4.3. Outline the structure and function of the following organelles: nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, golgi apparatus, mitochondria

4.4. Discuss fluid mosaic model of cell m embrane

#05 Coordination & Control / Nervous & Chemical Coordination

10 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Nervous system Nerve impulse Steps involved in nervous coordination Neurons (Structure and Types) Transmission of action potential between cells -synapse Electrical synapses Chemical synapses Transmission of nerve impulse across synapse Hormones Endocrine glands Feedback mechanism CONTROL/ - Positive feedback mechanism NERVOUS & - Negative feedback mechanism Reflexes and reflex arc Levels of the spinal cord and its main functions Parts of the brain with their main functions

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 10 specs

5.1. Recognize receptors as transducers sensitive to various stimuli.

5.2. Define neurons

5.3. Explain the structure of a typical neuron (cell body, dendrites, axon and myelin sheath and Schwann cells)

5.4. Define nerve impulse

5.5. List the levels of the spinal cord

5.6. List the functions of the spinal cord

5.7. Classify reflexes

5.8. Briefly explain the functions of components of a reflex arc

5.9. List the main parts of the brain (e.g., components of brain stem, mid brain, cerebellum, cerebrum)

5.10. Describe the functions of each part

#06 Diversity Among Animals NUMS Exclusive

1 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Characteristics and diversity among the animals 6 (animal phyla, characteristics) DIVERSITY

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 1 specs

6.1. Describe general characteristic of animals

#07 Enzymes

4 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Introduction/characteristics of enzymes Mechanism of action of enzymes Factors effecting rate of enzyme action Enzyme inhibition ENZYMES

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 4 specs

7.1. Describe the distinguishing characteristics of enzymes

7.2. Explain mechanism of action of enzymes

7.3. Describe effects of factor on enzyme action (temperature, pH, concentration)

7.4. Describe enzyme inhibitors

#08 Evolution

3 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Concepts of evolution Inheritance of acquired characteristics Darwinism Darwin's theory of evolution Neo-Darwinisms Evidence of evolution

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 3 specs

8.1. Explain origin of life according to concept of evolution

8.2. Describe the theory of inheritance of acquired characters, as proposed by Lamarck.

8.3. Explain the theory of natural selection as proposed by Darwin

#09 Life Processes in Animals & Plants (Nutrition / Gaseous Exchange / Transport)

13 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Carnivorous plants/parasitic nutrition (pitcher plant, venus fly trap, LIFE PROCESSES sundew) Water and mineral uptake by roots, xylem and phloem Osmotic pressure and potential Cardiovascular system (heart structure and blood vessels) GASEOUS vessels) Respiratory system Digestive system Immune & system Lymphatic system

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 13 specs

9.1. Discuss the examples of carnivorous plants (pitcher plant, venus fly trap, sundew)

9.2. Describe osmotic pressure and its importance in life processes in animals and plants

9.3. Describe water and minerals uptake by roots, xylem and phloem

9.4. List general structure of human heart

9.5. Define the phases of a cardiac cycle

9.6. List the differences and functions of capillaries, arteries and veins

9.7. Describe lymphatic system (organs, nodules, vessels)

9.8. Define and discuss the functions and importance of main components of immune system

9.9. Discuss the functions of main part of respiratory system

9.10. Discuss the role of surfactant in gas exchange

9.11. Discuss the process of gas exchange in human lungs

9.12. List the parts of human digestive system

9.13. Explain the functions of the main parts of the digestive system including associated structures and glands

#10 Prokaryotes (Kingdom Monera) NUMS Exclusive

3 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Cellular Structure of bacteria Shape and size of bacteria Importance and control of bacteria (KINGDOM

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 3 specs

10.1. Describe cellular structures of bacteria

10.2. Explain diversity in shape and size in bacteria

10.3. Highlight the importance of bacteria and control of harmful bacteria

#11 Reproduction

3 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Male reproductive system Female reproductive system (including menstrual cycle) Sexually transmitted diseases

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 3 specs

11.1. Describe the functions of various parts of the male & female reproductive systems and the hormones that regulate those functions

11.2. Describe the menstrual cycle (female reproductive cycle) emphasizing the role of hormones

11.3. List the common sexually transmitted diseases along with their causative agents and main symptoms

#12 Support & Movement

7 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Cartilage Types of muscles (Skeletal, Cardiac, Smooth) MOVEMENT muscles Structure of skeletal muscles Mechanism of skeletal muscle contraction Types of joints Arthritis

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 7 specs

12.1. Define cartilage, muscle and bone

12.2. Explain the main characteristics of cartilage and bone along with functions of both

12.3. Compare characteristics of smooth muscles, cardiac muscles and skeletal muscles

12.4. Explain the ultra-structure of skeletal muscles

12.5. Describe in brief the process of skeletal muscle contraction

12.6. Classify joints

12.7. Define arthritis

#13 Variation & Genetics / Inheritance

7 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Mendel's law of inheritance Gregor John Mendel and his work Mendel's experiment Inheritance of single trait Mendel's principles of inheritance Inheritance of two traits Law of independent assortment Scope of independent assortment in variation Statistics and probability relevant to genetics Multiple alleles Gene linkages and crossing over Sex linkages in drosophila Sex linkage in human Genetics of hemophilia

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 7 specs

13.1. Associate inheritance with the laws of Mendel.

13.2. Explain the law of independent assortment, using a suitable example.

13.3. Describe the terms gene linkage and crossing over

13.4. Explain how gene linkage counters independent assortment and crossing-over modifies the progeny

13.5. Describe the concept of sex-linkage.

13.6. Briefly describe Inheritance of sex -linked traits

13.7. Analyze the inheritance of hemophilia.

Chemistry (NUMS)

19 Chapters Breakdown

26.5% (40 MCQs)

#01 Introduction to Fundamental Concepts of Chemistry

6 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Atomic mass Empirical formula Molecular formula Concept of mole Construction of mole ratios as conversion factors in stoichiometry calculations Avogadro's number Important assumptions of stoichiometric calculations Stoichiometry Limiting reactant Percentage yield FUNDAMENTAL

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 6 specs

1.1. Construct mole ratios from balanced equations for use as CHEMISTRY conversion factors in stoichiometric problems.

1.2. Perform stoichiometric calculations with balanced equations using moles, representative particles, masses and volumes of gases (at STP).

1.3. Explain the limiting reagent in a reaction,

1.4. Calculate the maximum number of product(s) produced and the amount of any unreacted excess reagent.

1.5. Given information from which any two of the following may be determined, calculate the third: theo retical yield, actual yield, percentage yield.

1.6. Calculate the theoretical yield and the percent yield when given the balanced equation, the amounts of reactants and the actual yield

#02 Atomic Structure

8 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Concept of orbitals Electronic configuration Discovery and properties of proton (positive rays) Quantum numbers Shapes of orbitals

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 8 specs

2.1. Describe discovery and properties of proton (positive rays)

2.2. Define photon as a unit of radiation en ergy.

2.3. Describe the concept of orbitals.

2.4. Distinguish among principle energy levels, energy sub - levels, and atomic orbitals.

2.5. Describe the general shapes of s, p, and orbitals.

2.6. Describe the hydrogen atom using the quantum theory.

2.7. Use the Aufbau Principle, the Pauli Exclusion Principle, and Hund's Rule to write the electronic configuration of the atoms.

2.8. Write electronic configuration of atoms.

#03 Gases

9 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Properties of gases Gas laws Boyle's law Charles's law General gas equation Kinetic molecular theory of gases Ideal gas equation

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 9 specs

3.1. List the postulates of kinetic molecular theory. GASES

3.2. Describe the motion of particles of a gas according to kinetic theory.

3.3. State the values of standard temperature and pressure (STP).

3.4. Describe the effect of change in pressure on the volume of gas.

3.5. Describe the effect of change in temperature on the volume of gas.

3.6. Explain the significance of absolute zero, giving its value in degree Celsius and Kelvin.

3.7. Derive ideal gas equation using Boyle's, Charles's and Avogadro's law.

3.8. Explain the significance and different units of ideal gas constant.

3.9. Distinguish between real and ideal gases

#04 Liquids

4 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Properties of liquids Intermolecular forces Hydrogen bonding Vapor pressure Boiling point and external pressure

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 4 specs

4.1. Describe simple properties of liquids e.g. diffusion, compression, expansion, motion of molecules, spaces between them, intermolecular forces and kinetic energy based on kinetic molecular theory.

4.2. Explain physical properties of liquids such as evaporation, vapor pressure, boiling point.

4.3. Describe the hydrogen bonding in H2O, NH3 and HF molecules.

4.4. Anomalous behavior of water when its density shows maximum at 4 degree centigrade

#05 Solids

5 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Introduction Types of solids Ionic solids Molecular solids Crystal lattice

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 5 specs

5.1. Describe crystal line solids.

5.2. Name three factors that affect the shape of an ionic crystal.

5.3. Give a brief description of ionic and molecular solids.

5.4. Describe crystal lattice.

5.5. Define lattice energy.

#06 Chemical Equilibrium

7 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Reversible and irreversible reactions State of chemical equilibrium Equilibrium constant expression for important reaction Applications of equilibrium constant Solubility product The Le Chatelier's principle Synthesis of ammonia by Haber's Process Common ion effect Buffer solutions Equilibrium of slightly soluble ionic compounds (solubility product) EQUILIBIRIUM product)

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 7 specs

6.1. Define chemical equilibrium in terms of a reversible reaction.

6.2. Write both forward and reverse reactions and describe them acroscopic characteristics of each.

6.3. State Le Chatelier's Principle and be able to apply it to systems in equilibrium with changes in concentration, pressure, temperature, or the addition of catalyst.

6.4. Define and explain solubility product.

6.5. Define and explain the common ion effect giving suitable examples.

6.6. Describe buffer solutions and explain types of bu ffers.

6.7. Explain synthesis of ammonia by Haber's Process.

#07 Reaction Kinetics

8 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Rate of reaction Determination of the rate of a chemical reaction Factors affecting rate of reaction Specific rate constant or velocity constant Units of rate constant Order of reaction and its determination REACTION KINETICS

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 8 specs

7.1. Define chemical kinetics.

7.2. Explain the terms rate of reaction, rate equation, order of reaction, rate constant and rate determining step.

7.3. Explain qualitatively factors affecting rate of reaction.

7.4. Given the order with respect to each reactant, write the rate law for the reaction.

7.5. Explain the meaning of the terms 'activation energy' and 'activated complex'.

7.6. Relate the ideas of activation energy and the activated complex to the rate of a reaction.

7.7. Explain effects of concentration, temperature and surface area on reaction rates.

7.8. Describe the role of the rate constant in the theoretical determination of reaction rate.

#08 Thermochemistry & Energetics of Chemical Reactions

7 SLOs

Official Subtopics

System, surrounding and state function Definitions of terms used in thermodynamics Standard states and standard enthalpy changes Energy in chemical reactions First Law of thermodynamics Sign of ΔH Enthalpy of a reaction Hess's law of constant heat summation

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 7 specs

8.1. Define thermodynamics.

8.2. Classify reactions as exothermic or endothermic.

8.3. Define the terms system, surrounding, boundary, state function, heat, heat capacity, internal energy, work done and enthalpy of a substance.

8.4. Name and define the units of thermal energy.

8.5. Explain the first law of thermodynamics for energy conservation.

8.6. Apply Hess's Law to construct simple energy cycles.

8.7. Describe enthalpy of a reaction.

#09 Electrochemistry

6 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Oxidation number or state Explanation of electrolysis Electrode potential Balancing of redox equations by ion -electron method Balancing redox equations by oxidation number change method

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 6 specs

9.1. Give the characteristics of a redox reaction.

9.2. Define oxidation and reduction in terms of a change in oxidation number.

9.3. Use the oxidation-number change method to identify atoms being oxidize do reduced in redox reactions.

9.4. Define cathode, anode, electrode potential and S.H.E (Standard Hydrogen Electrode).

9.5. Define the standard electrode potential of an electro de.

9.6. Use the ion-electron method/oxidation number method to balance chemical equations.

#10 Chemical Bonding

9 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Energetic of bond formation Atomic sizes Atomic radii Ionic radii Covalent radii Ionization energy Electron affinity Electro negativity Bond energy Bond length Types of bonds Electrovalent or Ionic Bond Covalent bond Co-ordinate or dative covalent bond Ionic character of covalent bond Sigma and Pi bond Hybridization sp3 -Hybridization sp2-Hybridization sp-Hybridization The Valence Shell Electron Pair Repulsion theory Postulates of VSEPR theory Applications of VSEPR theory

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 9 specs

10.1. Use VSEPR theory to describe the shapes of molecules.

10.2. Describe the features of sigma and pi bonds.

10.3. Describe the shapes of simple molecules using orbital hybridization.

10.4. Determine the shapes of some molecules from the number of bonded pairs and lone pairs of electrons around the central atom.

10.5. Predict the molecular polarity from the shapes of molecules.

10.6. Explain what is meant by the term ionic character of a covalent bond.

10.7. Describe how knowledge of molecular polarity can be used to explain some physical and chemical properties of molecules.

10.8. Define bond energies and explain how they can be used to compare bonds strengths of different chemical bonds.

10.9. Define and explain the terms atomic radii, ionic radii, covalent radii, ionization energy, electron affinity, electro negativity, bond energy and bond length.

#11 S and P Block Elements

5 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Electronic configuration Chemical properties of s-block elements Group 1 Elements (Alkali Metals) Atomic and Physical properties Trends in reactivity Group2 Elements (Alkaline earth metals) Physical and chemical properties Group trends: atomic radii, ionic radii, electro negativity, ionization potential, electropositivity or metallic character, melting and boiling points

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 5 specs

11.1. Recognize the demarcation of the periodic table into s block, p block, d block, and f block.

11.2. Describe how physical properties like atomic radius, ionization energy, electro negativity, electrical conductivity and melting and boiling points of elements change within a group and within a period in the periodic table.

11.3. Describe reactions of Group l elements with water, oxygen and chlorine.

11.4. Describe reactions of Group II elements with water, oxygen and nitrogen.

11.5. Describe reactions of Group III elements with water, oxygen and chlorine.

#12 Transition Elements

1 SLOs

Official Subtopics

General characteristics of transition elements

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 1 specs

12.1. Describe electronic structures of elements and ions of d- block elements.

#13 Fundamental Principles of Organic Chemistry

4 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Classification of organic compounds Isomerism

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 4 specs

13.1. Define organic chemistry and organic compounds. CHEMISTRY

13.2. Classify organic compounds on structural basis.

13.3. Define functional group.

13.4. Explain isomerism and its types.

#14 Chemistry of Hydrocarbons

23 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Open chain and closed chain hydrocarbons Nomenclature of alkanes, alkenes and alkynes Benzene: Properties, structure, modern representation, reactions, resonance method, electrophilic substitution, Molecular orbital treatment of benzene

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 23 specs

14.1. Classify hydrocarbons as aliphatic and aromatic.

14.2. Describe nomenclature of alkanes.

14.3. Define free radical initiation, propagation and termination.

14.4. Describe the mechanism of free radical substitution in alkanes exemplified by methane and ethane.

14.5. Explain the IUPAC nomenclature of alkenes.

14.6. Explain the shape of ethane molecule in terms of sigma and pi C-C bonds.

14.7. Describe the structure and reactivity of alkenes as exemplified by ethane.

14.8. Define and explain with suitable examp les the terms isomerism and structural isomerism.

14.9. Explain dehydration of alcohols and dehydrohalogenation of RX for the preparation of ethane.

14.10. Describe the chemistry of alkenes by the following reactions of ethene: Hydrogenation, hydrohaloge nation, hydration, halogenation, halohydration, polymerization.

14.11. Explain the shape of the benzene molecule (molecular orbital treatment).

14.12. Define resonance, resonance energy and relative stability.

14.13. Compare the reactivity of benzene with alkanes and alkenes.

14.14. Describe addition reactions of benzene and methylbenzene.

14.15. Describe the mechanism of electrophilic substitution in benzene.

14.16. Discuss chemistry of benzene and methylbenzene by nitration, sulphonation, halogenation, Friedel-Crafts alkylation and acylation.

14.17. Apply the knowledge of positions of substituents in the electrophilic substitution of benzene.

14.18. Use the IUPAC naming system for alkynes.

14.19. Compare the reactivity of alkynes with alkanes, alkene s and arenes.

14.20. Describe the preparation of alkynes using elimination reactions.

14.21. Describe acidity of alkynes.

14.22. Discuss chemistry of alkynes by hydrogenation, hydrohalogenation, and hydration.

14.23. Describe and differentiate between substitution and addition reactions.

#15 Alkyl Halides

4 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Classification of alkyl halides Nomenclature Reactions Mechanism of nucleophilic substitution (SN1, SN2, E1, E2)

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 4 specs

15.1. Name alkyl halides using IUPAC system.

15.2. Discuss the structure and reactivity of RX.

15.3. Describe the mechanism and types of nucleophilic substitution reactions.

15.4. Describe the mechanism and types of elimination reactions.

#16 Alcohols and Phenols

6 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Alcohols: Classification: Primary, secondary and tertiary alcohols Nomenclature Reactivity Phenols: Physical properties Acidity 16 - Reactivity

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 6 specs

16.1. Explain nomenclature and structure of alcohols.

16.2. Explain the reactivity of alcohols.

16.3. Describe the chemistry of alcohols by preparation of ethers and esters.

16.4. Explain the nomenclature and structure of phenols.

16.5. Discuss the reactivity of phenol and their chemistry by electrophilic aromatic substitution.

16.6. Differentiate between an alcohol and phenol.

#17 Aldehydes & Ketones

6 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Nomenclature Preparation Reactions

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 6 specs

17.1. Explain nomenclature and structure of aldehydes and KETONES ketones.

17.2. Discuss the preparation of aldehydes and ketones.

17.3. Describe reactivity of aldehydes and ketones and their comparison.

17.4. Describe acid and base catalyzed nucleophilic addition reactions of aldehydes and ketones.

17.5. Discuss the chemistry of aldehydes and ketones by their reduction to alcohols.

17.6. Describe oxidation reactions of aldehydes and ketones.

#18 Carboxylic Acids

3 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Nomenclature Classification Physical properties Preparations of carboxylic acids Reactivity of carboxylic acids

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 3 specs

18.1. Describe nomenclature, chemistry and preparation of carboxylic acids.

18.2. Discuss reactivity of carboxylic acids.

18.3. Describe the chemistry of carboxylic acids by conversion to carboxylic acid derivatives: acyl halides, acid anhydrides, esters, amides and reactions involving inter conversion of these.

#19 Macromolecules

3 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Proteins Enzymes MACRO MOLECULES

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 3 specs

19.1. Explain the basis of classification and structure-function relationship of proteins.

19.2. Describe the role of various proteins in maintaining body functions and their nutritional importance.

19.3. Describe the role of enzymes as biocatalysts

Physics (NUMS)

13 Chapters Breakdown

26.5% (40 MCQs)

#01 Force and Motion

17 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Displacement Velocity Displacement-time graph Acceleration Uniform acceleration Variable acceleration Graphical representation of acceleration with velocity time graph Newton's laws of motion Newton's first law of motion Newton's second law of motion Newton's third law of motion Linear Momentum Law of conservation of momentum Collision Elastic collision Elastic collision in one dimension Elastic collision in one dimension under different cases Projectile motion Characteristics of projectile motion Time of flight Maximum height Horizontal range

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 17 specs

1.1. Describe displacement.

1.2. Describe average velocity of objects.

1.3. Interpret displacement-time graph of objects moving along the same straight line.

1.4. Define uniform acceleration

1.5. Distinguish between uniform and variable acceleration.

1.6. Explain that projectile motion is two-dimensional motion in a vertical plane.

1.7. Communicate the ideas of a projectile in the absence of air resistance.

1.8. Explain Horizontal component (VH) of velocity is constant.

1.9. Acceleration is in the vertical direction and is the same as that of a vertically freefalling object.

1.10. Differentiate between the characteristics of horizontal motion and vertical motion

1.11. Evaluate, using equations of uniformly accelerated motion for a given initial velocity of frictionless projectile, the following issues: a. How much higher does it go? b. How far would it go along the level land? c. Where would it be after a given time? d. How long will it remain in air? e. Determine for a projectile launched from ground height f. Launch angle that results in the maximum range g. Relation between the launch angles that result in the same range.

1.12. Apply Newton's laws to explain the motion of objects in a variety of context.

1.13. Describe the Newton's second law of motion as rate of change of momentum.

1.14. Correlate Newton's third law of motion and conservation of momentum.

1.15. Solve different problems of elastic and inelastic collisions between two bodies in one dimension by using law of conservation of momentum.

1.16. Describe that momentum is conservational situations.

1.17. Identify that for a perfectly elastic collision, the relative speed of approach is equal to the relative speed of separation.

#02 Work and Energy

8 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Work Energy Kinetic energy Potential energy Gravitational potential energy Power

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 8 specs

2.1. Describe the concept of work in terms of the product of ENERGY force F and displacement d in the direction of force.

2.2. Define energy

2.3. Explain kinetic energy

2.4. Explain the difference between potential energy and gravitational potential energy.

2.5. Describe that the gravitational potential energy is measured from a reference level and can be positive or negative, to denote the orientation from the reference levels.

2.6. Express power as scalar product of force and velocity.

2.7. Explain that work done against friction is dissipated as heat in the environment.

2.8. State the implications of energy losses in practical devices

#03 Rotational and Circular Motion

4 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Angular displacement Revolution Degree and Radian Radian Angular velocity Relation between linear and angular variables Relation between linear and angular displacements Relation between linear and angular velocities Relation between linear and angular accelerations Centripetal force Forces causing centripetal acceleration

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 4 specs

3.1. Define angular displacement, express angular displacement in radians.

3.2. Define revolution, degree and radian

3.3. Define and Explain the term angular velocity

3.4. Find out the relationship between the following: a. Relation between linear and angular variables b. Relation between linear and angular displacements c. Relation between linear and angular velocit ies d. Relation between linear and angular accelerations

#04 Waves

17 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Progressive waves Crest Trough Amplitude Wavelength Time period and frequency Types of progressive waves Transverse waves Longitudinal waves Periodic waves Transverse periodic waves Longitudinal periodic waves Speed of sound in air Principle of superposition of sound waves Stationary waves and standing waves Stationary waves in a stretched string/fundamental frequency and harmonics Doppler effect Observer is moving towards a stationary source Observer is moving away from a stationary source When the source is moving towards the stationary observer When the source is moving away from the stationary observer Simple harmonic motion (SHM) Characteristics of simple harmonic motion Instantaneous displacement Vibration Time period Frequency

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 17 specs

4.1. Describe the meaning of wave motion as illustrated by vibrations in ropes and springs.

4.2. Demonstrate that mechanical waves require a medium for their propagation while electromagnetic waves do not.

4.3. Define and apply the following terms to the wave model; medium, displacement, amplitude, period, compression, rarefaction, crest, trough, wavelength, velocity.

4.4. Solve problems using the equation: v=fl.

4.5. Describe that energy is transferred due to a progressive wave.

4.6. Compare transverse and longitudinal waves.

4.7. Explain that speed of sound depends on the properties of medium in which it propagates and describe Newton's formula of speed of waves.

4.8. Describe the Laplace correction in Newton's formula for speed of sound in air.

4.9. Identify the factors on which speed of sound in air depends.

4.10. Describe the principle of super position of two waves from coherent sources.

4.11. Describe the phenomenon of interference of sound waves.

4.12. Explain the formation of stationary waves using graphical method

4.13. Define the terms, node and antinodes.

4.14. Describe modes of vibration of strings.

4.15. Describe formation of stationary waves in vibrating air columns.

4.16. Explain the principle of Superpositi on

4.17. Explain S.H.M and explain the characteristics of S.H.M.

#05 Thermodynamics

7 SLOs

Official Subtopics

First law of thermodynamics Specific heat and Molar specific heat/specific heat capacity

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 7 specs

5.1. Describe that thermal energies transferred from a region of higher temperature to a region of lower temperature. 5

5.2. Differentiate between specific heat and molar specific heat. THERMODYNAMICS

5.3. Calculate work done by a thermodynamic system during a volume change.

5.4. Describe the first law of thermodynamics expressed in terms of the change in internal energy, the heating of the system and work done on the system.

5.5. Explain that first law of thermodynamics expresses the conservation of energy.

5.6. Define the terms, specific heat and molar specific heats of a gas.

5.7. Apply first law of thermodynamics to derive Cp-Cv= R.

#06 Electrostatics

9 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Coulomb's law Coulomb's law in material media Electric field and its intensity Electric field intensity due to an infinite sheet of charge Electric field intensity between two oppositely charged parallel plates Electric potential Capacitor Capacitance of a capacitor and its unit Capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor Energy Stored in a Capacitor Charging and Discharging a Capacitor

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 9 specs

6.1. State Coulomb's law and explain that force between two - point charges is reduced in a medium other than free space using Coulomb's law

6.2. Describe the concept of an electric field as an example of a field of force

6.3. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the electric field at a point due to two charges with the same or opposite signs

6.4. Sketch the electric field lines for two -point charges of equal magnitude with same or opposite signs

6.5. Describe and draw the electric field due to an infinite size conducting plate of positive or negative charge

6.6. Define electric potential at a point in terms of the work done in bringing unit positive charge from infinity to that point

6.7. Define the unit of potential

6.8. Derive an expression for electric potential at a point due to a point charge

6.9. Demonstrate charging and discharging of a capacitor through a resistance

#07 Current Electricity

5 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Ohm's Law Electrical resistance Specific resistance or resistivity Effect of temperature on resistance Temperature coefficient of resistance Variation of resistivity with temperature Internal resistance of a supply Electric power Unit of electric power Kilowatt-hours

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 5 specs

7.1. Describe the concept of steady current.

7.2. State Ohm's law.

7.3. Define resistivity and explain its dependence upon temperature.

7.4. Explain the internal resistance of sources and its consequences for external circuits.

7.5. Describe the conditions for maximum power transfer

#08 Electromagnetism

4 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Magnetic field Magnetic Flux Magnetic Flux Density

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 4 specs

8.1. Define magnetic flux density and its units.

8.2. Describe the concept of magnetic flux(Ø) as scalar product of magnetic field(B) and area(A)using the relation ØB=B┴A=B.A.

8.3. Describe quantitatively the path followed by a charged particle hot into a magnetic field in a direction perpendicular to the field.

8.4. Explain that a force may act on a charged particle in a uniform magnetic field.

#09 Electromagnetic Induction

4 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Electromagnetic induction Faraday's Law Lenz's Law Lenz's Law and conservation of energy AC Generator Transformers

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 4 specs

9.1. State Faraday's law of electromagnetic induction.

9.2. Account for Lenz's law to predict the direction of an induced current and relate to the principle of conservation of energy.

9.3. Describe the construction of a transformer and explain how it works.

9.4. Describe how set-up and step-down transformers can be used to ensure efficient transfer of electricity along cables.

#10 Electronics

1 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Rectification

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 1 specs

10.1. Define rectification and describe the use of diodes for half and full wave rectifications.

#11 Dawn of Modern Physics

1 SLOs

Official Subtopics

The particle model of light

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 1 specs

11.1. Explain the particle model of light in terms of photons with particular energy

#12 Atomic Spectra

1 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Atomic spectra and line spectrum

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 1 specs

12.1. Describe and explain Atomic spectra/ line spectrum

#13 Nuclear Physics

4 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Spontaneous and random nuclear decay/the law of radioactive decay Half Life and rate of decay Biological effects of radiation Biological and medical uses of radiation

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 4 specs

13.1. Describe as impel model for the atom to include protons, neutrons and electrons.

13.2. Identify the spontaneous and random nature of nuclear decay.

13.3. Describe the term half-life and solve problems using the equation

13.4. Describe biological effects of radiation state and explain the different medical uses of radiation.

English (NUMS)

6 Chapters Breakdown

10.0% (15 MCQs)

#01 Vocabulary in Context

4 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Contextual clues and illustrations for lexical decoding Background and prior knowledge retrieval Morphology, syntax, phonics, and root word analysis Synonyms, antonyms, and homophones

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 4 specs

1.1. Use contextual clues and illustrations to determine the precise meaning of key vocabulary.

1.2. Utilize background or prior knowledge to interpret nuanced word meanings.

1.3. Apply knowledge of morphology, syntax, and word relationships to decode unfamiliar terms.

1.4. Demonstrate precise knowledge of synonyms, antonyms, and homophones.

#02 Tenses and Sentence Structure

2 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Present, past, and future tense paradigms Four sentence functional types (simple, compound, complex, compound-complex) Conditionals (Zero, First, Second, Third, and Mixed) Clause structures and identifying sentence fragments

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 2 specs

2.1. Use correct tenses and sentence structures in analytical and descriptive writing.

2.2. Identify and rectify mistakes in the use of tenses and sentence structures in written texts.

#03 Sentence Structure & Writing Conventions

3 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Grammatical style and parallel sentence structures Punctuation conventions: semicolons, serial commas, apostrophes in possessives Capitalization conventions for proper nouns, medical terms, and abbreviations

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 3 specs

3.1. Identify sentences displaying correct grammatical and rhetorical style structures.

3.2. Identify and correct sentences with flawed grammatical structures or stylistic imbalances.

3.3. Detect and correct improper capitalization and punctuation (semicolons, series commas, possessive apostrophes).

#04 Subject-Verb Agreement, Articles & Prepositions

5 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Subject-verb agreement across inverted and intervening phrases Definite and indefinite article usage conventions Prepositions of time, position, direction, and idiomatic collocations

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 5 specs

4.1. Apply correct subject-verb agreement across diverse written contexts.

4.2. Identify subject-verb agreement violations in complex compound sentences.

4.3. Use appropriate articles and prepositions in challenging textual environments.

4.4. Identify mistakes in the use of articles and prepositions in sentences and short passages.

4.5. Select the exact contextually appropriate article or preposition for high-precision sentences.

#05 Error Detection & Grammatical Usage

1 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Word order errors and misplaced modifiers Diction, style errors, and faulty idioms Redundancy and tautology elimination

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 1 specs

5.1. Detect and rectify errors of word order, stylistic consistency, vocabulary misuse, and dangling modifiers in sentences.

#06 Reading Comprehension

2 SLOs

Official Subtopics

Short passage literal and inferential comprehension Identifying authorial intent, tone, and central thesis Selecting the most suitable evidence-based response

Learning Objectives (SLOs) 2 specs

6.1. Comprehend simple and complex brief academic passages effectively.

6.2. Select the most suitable and contextually explicit responses to posed comprehension questions.

NUMS Paper-II Psychological Test Guide & Simulator

50 MCQs · 15 Minutes · 18 Sec / MCQ

Assesses psychological robustness, empathy, decision-making composure under crisis, integrity, and ethical suitability for military medical service. There are no objectively wrong answers in personality tests, but responses are graded against standard psychiatric profiling rubrics for healthcare professionals.

Emotional Stability & Composure

Evaluating resilience under intense surgical and emergency room stress, panic resistance, and coping mechanisms.

Empathy & Patient-Centric Ethics

Evaluating compassion toward suffering patients, active listening, and bedside manner standards.

Integrity & Moral Conscientiousness

Commitment to medical oaths, patient confidentiality, transparency, and refusal to compromise safety protocols.

Situational Judgment & Crisis Action

Prioritizing triage protocols when multiple emergencies arise simultaneously in clinical settings.

Teamwork & Command Hierarchy

Collaborating effectively within military hospital hierarchies and multidisciplinary medical teams.

Interactive Clinical & Ethical Scenario Simulator

Click any option to reveal psychiatric diagnostic scoring

Scenario 1

During an emergency shift, a senior doctor mistakenly instructs you to administer a medication dose that you believe is excessive for a pediatric patient. What is your immediate course of action?

Administer the dose silently because seniors have superior diagnostic experience

Politely and privately clarify the dosage calculation with the senior physician before administering

Refuse to administer and immediately report the incident to administrative authorities without discussion

Ask a nurse to administer the medication on your behalf to avoid responsibility

Scenario 2

You are exhausted after a 24-hour rotation and have just completed your shift when an unexpected influx of trauma casualties arrives at the emergency department. What do you do?

Leave immediately since your shift has officially ended and overtime is uncompensated

Voluntarily stay back to assist with initial patient stabilization until relief staff arrive

Stay back but avoid critical tasks to avoid making fatigue-induced errors

Complain to hospital management regarding scheduling mismanagement

Scenario 3

When facing multiple high-pressure deadlines and academic exams simultaneously, how do you typically respond?

I tend to procrastinate and wait until the final hours before starting

I organize tasks by urgency, maintain a calm routine, and methodically tackle each objective

I feel overwhelmed and prefer taking unscheduled breaks to avoid stress

I delegate my personal responsibilities to others to minimize my workload

Scenario 4

An anxious relative of an adult conscious patient insists that you disclose private diagnostic test results without the patient being present. How do you respond?

Disclose the results immediately to soothe the relative's anxiety

Politely explain patient confidentiality laws and ask the relative for permission to consult the patient first

Scold the relative for violating hospital privacy regulations and walk away

Hand over the medical chart silently so they can read it themselves

Scenario 5

In the emergency bay, an aggressive, agitated patient is shouting at triage nurses and refusing physical examination. What is your initial clinical priority?

Shout back to assert institutional authority and demand compliance

Maintain a safe distance, use calm and non-confrontational communication, and call security support while assessing for medical intoxication or hypoxia

Refuse to treat the patient and discharge them from the emergency room immediately

Physically restrain the patient single-handedly without security assistance

Official Provincial Admitting Portals

Admissions & Roll Number Slips

Physical test administration, admit card / roll number slip issuance, and merit list processing are managed directly by provincial admitting universities:

Punjab Lahore

UHS Lahore

University of Health Sciences (UHS)

All Public and Private Medical and Dental Colleges across Punjab

042-99231304-09

Visit UHS Lahore Portal

Federal & AJK / International Islamabad

SZABMU Islamabad

Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University (SZABMU)

ICT Islamabad, AJK, Gilgit-Baltistan, and Overseas Centers (UAE, KSA, UK)

051-9107682

Visit SZABMU Islamabad Portal

Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Peshawar

KMU Peshawar

Khyber Medical University (KMU) / ETEA

All Public and Private Medical and Dental Colleges in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa

091-9217703

Visit KMU Peshawar Portal

Sindh Karachi

DUHS Karachi

Dow University of Health Sciences (DUHS)

All Public and Private Medical Colleges in Sindh (DUHS, JSMU, LUMHS, SMBBMU)

021-99261472

Visit DUHS Karachi Portal

Balochistan Quetta

BUMHS Quetta

Bolan University of Medical & Health Sciences (BUMHS)

All Public and Private Medical and Dental Colleges in Balochistan

081-9213082

Visit BUMHS Quetta Portal

Armed Forces / Defence Rawalpindi

NUMS Rawalpindi

National University of Medical Sciences (NUMS)

Army Medical College (AMC) and all Military Combined Military Hospitals (CMH) across Pakistan

051-5170459

Visit NUMS Rawalpindi Portal

Frequently Asked Questions

Official answers to the most common queries regarding MDCAT 2026-2027 syllabus, passing criteria, and admit cards:

What are the total marks and number of MCQs in MDCAT 2026-2027?

The PMDC National MDCAT consists of 180 Multiple Choice Questions (MCQs) for a total of 180 marks (+1 mark per correct answer). There is zero negative marking, and the total test duration is 3 hours (180 minutes).

What is the format and duration of the NUMS MDCAT 2026-2027 Entry Test?

The NUMS Entry Test comprises 200 MCQs divided into two papers: Paper-I (150 academic MCQs in Biology 55, Chemistry 40, Physics 40, and English 15) lasting 2 hours 45 minutes, followed by Paper-II (50 Psychological Aptitude MCQs) lasting 15 minutes. Total exam duration is 3 hours with zero negative marking.

What are the minimum passing marks for MDCAT 2026-2027 in Pakistan?

As mandated by the Pakistan Medical & Dental Council (PM&DC), the minimum passing threshold for Medical College (MBBS) admission is 55% (99 out of 180 marks for PMDC MDCAT) and for Dental College (BDS) admission is 50% (90 out of 180 marks).

Is there negative marking in PMDC MDCAT or NUMS Entry Test?

No. Neither PMDC nor NUMS implements negative marking. Incorrect or unattempted questions receive 0 marks with no penalty deduction, meaning candidates should attempt every single question on the OMR sheet.

What is the subject-wise weightage in the PMDC 2026-2027 syllabus?

Biology carries 45% (81 MCQs), Chemistry carries 25% (45 MCQs), Physics carries 20% (36 MCQs), English carries 5% (9 MCQs), and Logical Reasoning carries 5% (9 MCQs). Biology and Chemistry together account for 70% of the entire paper.

What chapters are included in NUMS Biology that are excluded from PMDC MDCAT?

NUMS Biology specifically includes Diversity Among Animals (Kingdom Animalia: Porifera to Chordata) and Prokaryotes (Kingdom Monera: Bacteria and Cyanobacteria). Both of these chapters are explicitly listed in the NUMS Table of Specifications but are omitted from the national PMDC curriculum.

What is the difference between PMDC MDCAT Physics and NUMS Physics?

PMDC Physics has 16 units including Vectors and Equilibrium, Fluid Dynamics, and Alternating Current. NUMS Physics has 13 units and omits Vectors, Fluid Dynamics, and Alternating Current.

What is the NUMS Paper-II Psychological Test and how is it graded?

NUMS Paper-II is a 50-MCQ psychological assessment conducted in 15 minutes. It evaluates emotional stability under stress, empathy, ethical judgment, and suitability for clinical environments. Responses are evaluated against standardized psychiatric profiling rubrics for medical professionals.

How do I download my MDCAT Roll Number Slip for 2026-2027?

Roll number slips are issued 7 to 10 days before the exam directly on your respective provincial admitting university portal: UHS for Punjab, SZABMU for Federal/AJK/Overseas, KMU for KPK, DUHS for Sindh, and BUMHS for Balochistan. You enter your 13-digit CNIC or Smart B-Form number to download and print the official color admit card.

What documents and items are mandatory on MDCAT exam day?

Candidates must bring: (1) Original Computerized National Identity Card (CNIC), Juvenile Card, Smart B-Form, or Passport, (2) Printed Official Roll Number Slip, (3) Two clean blue or black ballpoint pens (gel pens, markers, and pencils are strictly banned), and (4) A clean transparent hardboard/clipboard with zero markings.

Where can I download the official PMDC and NUMS syllabus PDFs?

You can download the verified official PDF copies directly from this BeambePrep syllabus hub using the download buttons at the top of the page, or through the official portals of PMDC (pmdc.pk) and NUMS (numspak.edu.pk).