Concept:Chemical separation relies on forming a reversible derivative with significantly different physical properties from the impurities.
Solution:- Saturated aqueous Sodium Bisulfite (\( NaHSO_3 \)) reacts with aldehydes and small methyl ketones via nucleophilic addition to form crystalline bisulfite adducts.
- These solid adducts can be easily filtered out, separating them from non-carbonyl impurities (which remain in liquid/solution).
- Once separated, the pure carbonyl compound can be regenerated by treating the solid adduct with dilute acid or base.
Why other options are incorrect:HCN and Grignard reagents (like \( BrMgCH_2 \)) form irreversible products (cyanohydrins and alcohols, respectively), meaning you cannot easily recover the original aldehyde or ketone. Water does not react distinctively to separate them.
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