Chemistry Carboxylic Acids SZABMU 2023
PMDC Verified Question 25 of 94
When carboxylic acids are heated with alcohol in the presence of concentration \( \text{H}_2\text{SO}_4 \), the conversion of functional group takes place from:
A
Carboxyl to carbonyl group
B
Carboxyl group to an ester group
C
Carbonyl to carboxyl group
D
Carboxyl to hydroxyl group
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Propolis Cognitive Error Autopsy

Official Correct Choice:
Option B: Carboxyl group to an ester group
Concept:

The reaction described is Fischer esterification, where a carboxylic acid and an alcohol condense to form an ester and water.

Formula:

$$ \text{R-COOH} + \text{R}'-\text{OH} \rightleftharpoons^+} \text{R-COOR}' + \text{H}_2\text{O} $$

Solution:

  • The reactant functional group is the carboxyl group (\( -\text{COOH} \)).


  • During the reaction, the \( -\text{OH} \) portion of the acid is replaced by the \( -\text{OR}' \) alkoxy group from the alcohol.


  • The resulting product functional group is an ester group (\( -\text{COOR}' \)).


Why other options are incorrect:

The acid is not converted into a pure carbonyl (aldehyde/ketone) or a hydroxyl (alcohol). The explicit transformation is Acid \( \rightarrow \) Ester.

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