Chemistry Hydrocarbons PMDC 2020
PMDC Verified Question 21 of 65
Acetophenone can be formed by which of the following reaction of benzene?
A
Alkylation
B
Halogenation
C
Nitration
D
Acylation
Tap any option to test your recall and reveal the step-by-step Propolis autopsy.

Propolis Cognitive Error Autopsy

Official Correct Choice:
Option D: Acylation
Concept:

Acetophenone (phenyl methyl ketone, \( \text{C}_6\text{H}_5\text{COCH}_3 \)) features a carbonyl group directly attached to the benzene ring. Introducing a carbonyl-containing group is called acylation.

Solution:

  • To synthesize acetophenone, benzene must be reacted with acetyl chloride (\( \text{CH}_3\text{COCl} \)) in the presence of a Lewis acid (like \( \text{AlCl}_3 \)).


  • The electrophile generated is the acylium ion (\( \text{CH}_3\text{C}^+=\text{O} \)).


  • Because an acyl group (\( \text{R}-\text{CO}- \)) is being substituted onto the aromatic ring, the reaction is universally classified as Friedel-Crafts Acylation.


Why other options are incorrect:

  • Alkylation introduces simple alkyl groups (forming products like toluene or ethylbenzene).


  • Halogenation introduces Cl, Br, etc.


  • Nitration introduces an \( -\text{NO}_2 \) group.

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