Chemistry Industrial Chemistry PMDC Conceptual Practice
PMDC Verified Question 20 of 41
What is the primary role of a free-radical initiator in the industrial addition polymerization of vinyl chloride at 50°C?
A
It acts as a phase-transfer surfactant to prevent polymer precipitation.
B
It undergoes homolytic cleavage to generate active radicals that initiate chain propagation.
C
It permanently cross-links adjacent linear chains into an infusible thermosetting network.
D
It selectively extracts hydrogen chloride from the reaction vessel to prevent acid corrosion.
Tap any option to test your recall and reveal the step-by-step Propolis autopsy.

Propolis Cognitive Error Autopsy

Official Correct Choice:
Option B: It undergoes homolytic cleavage to generate active radicals that initiate chain propagation.
Concept:

Free-radical addition polymerization requires an initiator (e.g., organic peroxides or azo compounds) that cleaves homolytically under heat to form reactive radical species.

Formula / Reaction:

$$\text{Initiation: } \text{R}-\text{O}-\text{O}-\text{R} \xrightarrow{\Delta} 2\,\text{R}-\text{O}^\bullet$$

$$\text{R}-\text{O}^\bullet + \text{CH}_2=\text{CH(Cl)} \longrightarrow \text{R}-\text{O}-\text{CH}_2-\text{C}^\bullet\text{H(Cl)}$$

Solution:

  • The generated radical attacks the \(\pi\)-bond of vinyl chloride monomer, creating a carbon-centered radical that propagates chain growth.


Why other options are incorrect:

  • Option A: Suspension agents (e.g., polyvinyl alcohol), not initiators, manage suspension stability.


  • Option C: PVC is a linear thermoplastic; initiators do not induce cross-linking under standard conditions.


  • Option D: \(\text{HCl}\) elimination is an undesirable degradation reaction, not a function of the initiator.

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