Concept:Crystalline solids have highly ordered internal geometric arrangements, meaning the spacing between atoms often varies depending on the axis (x, y, or z) being observed.
Solution:- If a physical property—like electrical conductivity—changes in magnitude depending on the direction it is measured within the crystal, the phenomenon is termed anisotropy.
- A classic example is graphite, which conducts electricity parallel to its internal carbon layers (due to delocalized electrons), but acts as an insulator perpendicular to them.
Why other options are incorrect:- A: Allotropy is when one element exists in multiple structural forms (e.g., carbon as diamond and graphite).
- C: Isomorphism is when different compounds share the same crystal structure.
- D: Polymorphism is when a single compound can crystallize in more than one structure.
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