Concept:Food irradiation utilizes highly penetrating ionizing electromagnetic radiation to neutralize pathogens, bacteria, and pests without raising the temperature of food.
Formula / Reaction:Qualitative concept / No formula required.
Solution:- Gamma rays are high-energy electromagnetic waves emitted by radioisotopes (such as Cobalt-60).
- Due to their high penetrating capability, gamma rays pass completely through packaged food items and disrupt the cellular DNA of bacteria, parasites, and insects.
- This sterilizes the food, retards spoilage, and extends shelf life safely.
Why other options are incorrect:Alpha rays (helium nuclei) and Beta rays (high-speed electrons) are particulate radiations with extremely low penetration depth; UV rays are non-ionizing electromagnetic radiation that only disinfect surface layers.
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