Concept:Forward biasing requires applying an external potential that opposes and reduces the built-in junction barrier potential, which occurs when the P-side is made positive relative to the N-side.
Formula:$$V_{\text{anode}} - V_{\text{cathode}} > V_0 \quad (\text{Forward Bias})$$
Solution:- Connecting the positive battery terminal to the P-region (anode) repels holes toward the junction.
- Connecting the negative battery terminal to the N-region (cathode) repels electrons toward the junction.
- This reduces the depletion width and allows substantial forward current to flow once \( V_{\text{ext}} > V_0 \).
Why other options are incorrect:- Option A: Connecting positive to N and negative to P creates reverse bias.
- Option B: Connecting both sides to the positive terminal produces zero net bias across the junction.
- Option C: Connecting both sides to the negative terminal produces zero potential difference across the junction.
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