Physics Electronics PMDC Conceptual Practice
PMDC Verified Question 217 of 494
The dynamic (AC) forward resistance \( r_d \) of a conducting PN junction diode operating at forward current \( I_F \) can be estimated theoretically at room temperature (\( V_T \approx 26\text{ mV} \)) using:
A
rd = η VT / IF
B
rd = IF / (η VT)
C
rd = η VT × IF
D
rd = VF / IF^2
Tap any option to test your recall and reveal the step-by-step Propolis autopsy.

Propolis Cognitive Error Autopsy

Official Correct Choice:
Option A: rd = η VT / IF
Concept:

Dynamic resistance is the reciprocal slope of the diode's exponential forward I-V characteristic: \( r_d = (dI_F / dV_F)^{-1} \).

Formula:

$$I_F = I_0 e^{\frac{V_F}{\eta V_T}} \implies \frac{d I_F}{d V_F} = \frac{I_F}{\eta V_T} \implies r_d = \frac{d V_F}{d I_F} = \frac{\eta V_T}{I_F}$$

Solution:

  • Differentiating the Shockley diode equation with respect to forward voltage yields \( r_d = \frac{\eta V_T}{I_F} \).


  • At room temperature, \( V_T = \frac{k T}{q} \approx 26\text{ mV} \), so dynamic resistance decreases inversely with forward current \( I_F \).


Why other options are incorrect:

  • Option B: \( I_F / (\eta V_T) \) is the dynamic conductance \( g_d \), the reciprocal of resistance.
  • Option C: Multiplying voltage by current does not give resistance.
  • Option D: \( V_F / I_F^2 \) is dimensionally incorrect.

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