Concept:A \( \pi \)-section (CLC) filter uses an input shunt capacitor \( C_1 \), a series inductor \( L \), and an output shunt capacitor \( C_2 \) in a Greek letter \( \pi \) shape, providing multi-stage ripple attenuation.
Formula:$$\text{Ripple Factor (CLC Filter): } r \approx \frac{\sqrt{2}}{8\pi^3 f^3 L C_1 C_2 R_L} \propto \frac{1}{L C_1 C_2}$$
Solution:- The first capacitor (\( C_1 \)) provides initial peak-charge smoothing across the rectifier output.
- The series choke (\( L \)) blocks remaining AC ripple current with high reactance.
- The second capacitor (\( C_2 \)) bypasses any residual ripple to ground, delivering a very smooth DC output to the load.
Why other options are incorrect:- Option A: Rectifying diodes are still required to convert AC to DC before the filter.
- Option B: The filter does not alter the load resistance.
- Option C: The filter removes AC fluctuations; it does not generate radio frequencies.
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