Concept:A half-wave rectifier conducts only during the positive half-cycle of the input AC waveform and blocks conduction during the negative half-cycle.
Formula:$$V_L(t) = \begin{cases} V_m \sin(\omega t) & 0 \le \omega t < \pi \\ 0 & \pi \le \omega t < 2\pi \end{cases}$$
Solution:- During the positive half-cycle (\( 0 \) to \( \pi \)), the diode conducts, reproducing the positive half-sine wave across the load.
- During the negative half-cycle (\( \pi \) to \( 2\pi \)), the diode is reverse-biased, resulting in zero output across the load.
- The resulting output consists of unidirectional positive pulses separated by zero-voltage intervals.
Why other options are incorrect:- Option B: Unfiltered rectifier output pulsates periodically; producing a steady DC line requires low-pass smoothing filters.
- Option C: The negative half-cycle is blocked, so the output is not a continuous sinusoidal waveform.
- Option D: The output does not cross zero into negative values; it is unidirectional.
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