Concept:A \( \pi \)-filter (CLC filter) is named for its schematic resemblance to the Greek letter \( \pi \). It combines a shunt capacitor, a series smoothing choke, and a second shunt capacitor.
Formula:$$\gamma \approx \frac{\sqrt{2}}{8\omega^3 C_1 C_2 L R_L} \quad (\text{Full-wave } \pi\text{-filter})$$
Solution:- The input capacitor \( C_1 \) charges to peak voltage \( V_m \), providing initial smoothing.
- The series inductor \( L \) presents high impedance to remaining AC ripple.
- The output capacitor \( C_2 \) bypasses any residual high-frequency ripple, providing a smooth DC output voltage with low ripple factor.
Why other options are incorrect:- Options A, B, & C: These configurations do not describe a standard CLC \( \pi \)-filter topology.
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