Physics Electronics PMDC Conceptual Practice
PMDC Verified Question 421 of 494
How does the static (DC) resistance (\( R_D \)) of a forward-biased \( \text{P-N} \) diode compare with its dynamic (AC) resistance (\( r_d \)) in the steep conduction region above the knee voltage?
A
Static resistance \( R_D \) is greater than dynamic resistance \( r_d \)
B
Static resistance \( R_D \) is strictly equal to dynamic resistance \( r_d \)
C
Static resistance \( R_D \) is less than dynamic resistance \( r_d \)
D
Static resistance \( R_D \) is zero, while dynamic resistance \( r_d \) is infinite
Tap any option to test your recall and reveal the step-by-step Propolis autopsy.

Propolis Cognitive Error Autopsy

Official Correct Choice:
Option A: Static resistance \( R_D \) is greater than dynamic resistance \( r_d \)
Concept:

On the exponential forward I-V characteristic, the dynamic resistance (reciprocal of the tangent slope) is smaller than the static resistance (reciprocal of the secant slope from the origin).

Formula:

$$R_D = \frac{V_F}{I_F} \quad (\text{Secant slope}^{-1}), \quad r_d = \frac{dV_F}{dI_F} \quad (\text{Tangent slope}^{-1}) \implies R_D > r_d$$

Solution:

  • In the region above the knee voltage, current increases exponentially with voltage.


  • The tangent to the curve is steeper than the secant line drawn from the origin to the operating point.


  • Because dynamic resistance is the reciprocal of the tangent slope and static resistance is the reciprocal of the secant slope, \( R_D > r_d \).


Why other options are incorrect:

  • Option B: \( R_D = r_d \) occurs only in linear, ohmic resistors.
  • Option C: Because the curve bends upward, the tangent is always steeper than the secant, so \( r_d \) cannot exceed \( R_D \).
  • Option D: Both resistances have finite positive values in forward conduction.

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