1. Concept: In electrostatic equilibrium, any net charge placed upon a hollow conducting sphere migrates entirely to its outer exterior surface due to mutual repulsion.
2. Formula: $$ \oint \vec{E} \cdot d\vec{A} = \frac{Q_{enc}}{\epsilon_0} $$
3. Solution: - If we define a Gaussian surface completely inside the hollow cavity of the sphere, the enclosed charge \( Q_{enc} \) is exactly zero.
- Since \( Q_{enc} = 0 \), the integral mathematically dictates that the internal Electric field \( E \) must also be exactly zero everywhere inside.
4. Why other options are incorrect: If the field were maximum, positive, or negative, loose charges inside the metal walls would be continually accelerated, breaking the definition of electrostatic equilibrium.
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