Concept:There is a direct inverse relationship between a particle's ability to ionize matter and its ability to penetrate matter.
Solution:- Statement I: Alpha particles are bulky and heavily charged (+2). They crash into countless electrons instantly, giving them the most ionization power. Because they lose all their energy doing this, they stop quickly, giving them the least penetrating power. (Statement I is True).
- Statement II: Gamma rays are massless and uncharged. They fly through matter mostly undetected, giving them the least ionization power. Because they don't lose energy hitting electrons, they travel very deep, giving them the most penetrating power. (Statement II is True).
Why other options are incorrect:Because both physical principles are highly accurate textbook definitions, selecting only one ignores the validity of the other.
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