Concept:In a standard galvanic cell, electrons flow spontaneously from the anode (lower reduction potential) to the cathode (higher reduction potential).
Solution:- The cell pairs a Standard Hydrogen Electrode (\( 0.00 \text{ V} \)) with a Copper half-cell (\( +0.34 \text{ V} \)).
- Because Hydrogen has the lower reduction potential, it undergoes oxidation and acts as the anode.
- Copper acts as the cathode.
- The electron flow (frequently referred to colloquially as "current" in MDCAT nomenclature) originates at the anode and travels through the external wire to the cathode: from the Hydrogen electrode to the Copper electrode.
Why other options are incorrect:Flowing from Copper to Hydrogen would require a non-spontaneous input of energy (electrolytic cell). Current does not flow from the electrode directly into its own bulk solution in an external circuit context.
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