Chemistry Industrial Chemistry PMDC Conceptual Practice
PMDC Verified Question 2 of 41
How does high dynamic viscosity in a liquid adhesive affect its application and penetration into porous substrates?
A
It enhances capillary flow and increases the depth of substrate penetration.
B
It impedes fluid flow and diminishes penetration into substrate pores.
C
It eliminates interfacial tension without altering the fluid displacement rate.
D
It accelerates chemical cross-linking and shortens the adhesive gel time.
Tap any option to test your recall and reveal the step-by-step Propolis autopsy.

Propolis Cognitive Error Autopsy

Official Correct Choice:
Option B: It impedes fluid flow and diminishes penetration into substrate pores.
Concept:

Dynamic viscosity (\(\eta\)) is a fluid's internal resistance to shear flow; high viscosity inhibits capillary penetration into porous micro-structures.

Formula / Reaction:

$$\text{Poiseuille Penetration Rate: } \frac{dh}{dt} = \frac{r\gamma\cos\theta}{4\eta h}$$

Solution:

  • According to the Lucas-Washburn relation, the rate of capillary penetration (\(dh/dt\)) is inversely proportional to viscosity (\(\eta\)).


  • Higher viscosity slows spreading, limits capillary draw, and reduces mechanical keying in porous adherends.


Why other options are incorrect:

  • Option A: Inversely contradicts fluid dynamics; higher viscosity restricts flow rate.


  • Option C: Viscosity is a kinetic property of flow, whereas surface tension is a thermodynamic interfacial parameter.


  • Option D: Viscosity alone does not determine the chemical reaction kinetics of cross-linking.

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