Concept:The Born-Haber cycle breaks down the complex formation of an ionic solid into a hypothetical sequence of discrete, measurable steps (sublimation, ionization, etc.).
Formula:$$ \Delta H_{\text{total}} = \Delta H_1 + \Delta H_2 + ... + \Delta H_n $$
Solution:- The foundation of the Born-Haber cycle relies entirely on the principle that the total enthalpy change of a reaction is path-independent.
- Because we equate the direct formation path (\( \Delta H_f \)) to the sum of the multi-step indirect path, we are directly applying Hess's law of constant heat summation.
Why other options are incorrect:Le-Chatelier's principle deals with dynamic equilibrium shifts. Henry's law concerns gas solubility in liquids. Common ion effect involves shifting solubility product equilibria.
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