Concept:A state function is a quantitative property of a system that depends only on its current thermodynamic state (P, V, T), regardless of how that state was achieved.
Formula:$$ \Delta H = H_{\text{final}} - H_{\text{initial}} $$
Solution:- Freezing, decomposition, and sublimation are processes or phase changes. They represent the actions or events a system undergoes, not intrinsic properties of the system itself.
- Enthalpy (H), however, is a fundamental thermodynamic property. The enthalpy change (\( \Delta H \)) of a system is determined solely by the difference between the final and initial states, making it a true state function.
Why other options are incorrect:Processes (freezing, decomposition, sublimation) define pathways or transformations, not point-in-time thermodynamic state variables.
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