Chemistry Hydrocarbons MDCAT 2011
PMDC Verified Question 60 of 65
Hydrogenation of unsaturated oils is done by using
A
Copper
B
Finely divided iron
C
Vanadium pentaoxide
D
Finely divided nickel
Tap any option to test your recall and reveal the step-by-step Propolis autopsy.

Propolis Cognitive Error Autopsy

Official Correct Choice:
Option D: Finely divided nickel
Concept:

Catalytic hydrogenation involves the addition of \( \text{H}_2 \) across double bonds (\( \text{C}=\text{C} \)) in unsaturated oils to convert them into saturated solid fats (like vegetable ghee).

Solution:

  • This industrial process requires a transition metal catalyst to lower the activation energy by adsorbing hydrogen gas and the alkene onto its surface.


  • Finely divided nickel (Ni) is widely used industrially because it provides a large surface area and is cost-effective at high temperatures (around 200°C).


Why other options are incorrect:

  • Iron (Fe) is a catalyst for the Haber process (ammonia synthesis).


  • Vanadium pentoxide (\( \text{V}_2\text{O}_5 \)) is used in the Contact process to oxidize \( \text{SO}_2 \) to \( \text{SO}_3 \).


  • Copper is generally not active enough for direct alkene hydrogenation.

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