#1 of 22
Punjab MDCAT 2025
[Punjab MDCAT 2025]
All daffodils are plants. All plants are living things. Some living things are real.
Conclusions:
I. All daffodils are living things.
II. Some living things are flowers.
III. All daffodils are real.
Which conclusions follow?
View Answer & Propolis Autopsy
Correct Key: Option A
Diagnostic Explanation
Concept: Categorical Syllogisms.
Formula: Subsets obey transitive inclusion: \(A \subset B \land B \subset C \implies A \subset C\).
Solution:- Daffodils \(\subset\) Plants \(\subset\) Living things. Hence, all daffodils are living things (I is valid).
- No premise mentions 'flowers' (II is invalid).
- 'Some living things are real' does not guarantee that daffodils overlap with real things (III is invalid).
Why other options are incorrect:•
Options B, C, and D: Assume unsupported connections not provided in the premises.
#2 of 22
Sindh MDCAT 2025
[Sindh MDCAT 2025]
Statements:
All melons are apples.
No apples are mangoes.
Conclusions:
I. All melons are mangoes.
II. Apples are not mangoes.
C
Both A and B are correct
View Answer & Propolis Autopsy
Correct Key: Option B
Diagnostic Explanation
Concept: Deductive Syllogisms.
Formula: Direct statement logical equivalence.
Solution: Premise 2 states 'No apples are mangoes', which directly means 'Apples are not mangoes' (Conclusion II).
Why other options are incorrect:
• Option A: Contradicts Premise 2 (Melons are subset of Apples, so no melons can be mangoes).
[DUHS 2025]
Statements:
All melons are apples.
No apples are mangoes.
Conclusions:
I. All melons are mangoes.
II. Apples are not mangoes.
C
Both A and B are correct
View Answer & Propolis Autopsy
Correct Key: Option B
Diagnostic Explanation
Concept: Categorical Syllogisms.
Formula: Direct conversion of universal negative premise.
Solution: 'No apples are mangoes' is logically equivalent to 'Apples are not mangoes'.
Why other options are incorrect:
• Option A: Contradicts premise 2.
[UHS 2025]
All daffodils are plants. All plants are living things. Some living things are real.
Conclusions:
I. All daffodils are living things.
II. Some living things are flowers.
III. All daffodils are real.
Which conclusions follow?
View Answer & Propolis Autopsy
Correct Key: Option A
Diagnostic Explanation
Concept: Categorical Subsets.
Formula: N/A
Solution: Daffodils \(\subset\) Plants \(\subset\) Living things. Conclusion I is strictly valid.
Why other options are incorrect:
• Options B, C, and D: Mention unstated elements.
#5 of 22
FMDC 2024 Reconduct
[FMDC 2024 Reconduct]
Statements:
A ball is a sphere.
All spheres are round.
Some round things are mesmerizing.
Which of the following conclusions is NECESSARILY TRUE?
I. All balls are mesmerizing.
II. All round things are spheres.
III. Some mesmerizing things are spheres.
View Answer & Propolis Autopsy
Correct Key: Option A
Diagnostic Explanation
Concept: Syllogistic Deduction.
Formula: Intersection of subset collections.
Solution: Since all spheres belong to the set of round things, and some round things overlap with mesmerizing items, it logically follows that some mesmerizing items share space with spheres (Conclusion III).
Why other options are incorrect:
• Options B, C, and D: Assume universal inclusion ('All balls are mesmerizing') which is not guaranteed.
#6 of 22
FMDC 2024 Reconduct
[FMDC 2024 Reconduct]
Statements:
No cats are goats.
All goats are animals.
Some animals are herbivores.
Which of the following conclusions are NECESSARILY TRUE?
I. Some cats are animals.
II. All animals are goats.
III. Some herbivores are animals.
View Answer & Propolis Autopsy
Correct Key: Option B
Diagnostic Explanation
Concept: Syllogism Conversions.
Formula: \(\text{Some } A \text{ are } B \iff \text{Some } B \text{ are } A\)
Solution: 'Some animals are herbivores' converts directly to 'Some herbivores are animals' (Conclusion III).
Why other options are incorrect:
• Options A, C, and D: Include unproven assumptions regarding cats or goats.
#7 of 22
KPK MDCAT 2024 / KMU 2024
[KPK MDCAT 2024 / KMU 2024]
Statements:
All omnivores are herbivores.
No herbivores are carnivores.
Some carnivores are humans.
Which of the following conclusions are TRUE?
I. Some humans are carnivores.
II. No carnivores are omnivores.
III. Some omnivores are carnivores.
View Answer & Propolis Autopsy
Correct Key: Option A
Diagnostic Explanation
Concept: Syllogistic Deduction Sets.
Formula: Disjoint subset relationships.
Solution:- Conclusion I: Conversion of 'Some carnivores are humans' is true.
- Conclusion II: Omnivores are inside Herbivores; Herbivores share zero overlap with Carnivores. Thus, no carnivores are omnivores (True).
Why other options are incorrect:•
Options B and C: Include Conclusion III which directly contradicts premise 2.
#8 of 22
Sindh MDCAT Reconduct 2024
[Sindh MDCAT Reconduct 2024]
Statements:
All men are hardworking.
Some men are kings.
Conclusions:
I. All men are kings.
II. All kings are hardworking.
View Answer & Propolis Autopsy
Correct Key: Option D
Diagnostic Explanation
Concept: Syllogistic Quantifier Scope.
Formula: N/A
Solution: Premises only establish that some kings are hardworking (those who are men). Neither universal conclusion follows.
Why other options are incorrect:
• Option B: Assumes non-male kings are also hardworking, which is unstated.
[UHS MDCAT 2024]
All hammers are tools. Some tools are useless things. All useless things are trash.
Which of the following is NECESSARILY TRUE?
I. Some hammers are trash.
II. Some tools are trash.
III. All useless things are tools.
View Answer & Propolis Autopsy
Correct Key: Option D
Diagnostic Explanation
Concept: Syllogism Inclusions.
Formula: N/A
Solution: 'Some tools are useless' + 'All useless are trash' \(\implies\) those useless tools are trash (II is true). No link binds hammers directly to trash.
Why other options are incorrect:
• Options A, B, and C: Claim unverified links for hammer subsets.
#10 of 22
Balochistan MDCAT 2023
[Balochistan MDCAT 2023]
All children are silly people. Some silly people are rich people. All rich people are big shots.
Which of the following conclusions are NECESSARILY TRUE?
I. Some silly people are children.
II. Some rich people are children.
III. Some silly people are big shots.
View Answer & Propolis Autopsy
Correct Key: Option A
Diagnostic Explanation
Concept: Venn Diagram Deductions.
Formula: N/A
Solution:- I is valid: 'All children are silly' converts to 'Some silly people are children'.
- III is valid: Silly people who are rich are automatically big shots.
Why other options are incorrect:•
Options B, C, and D: Include II which lacks mandatory subset overlap.
[FMDC 2023]
Statements:
A ball is a sphere.
All spheres are round.
Some round things are mesmerizing.
Which of the following conclusions is NECESSARILY TRUE?
A
Some mesmerizing things are spheres.
B
All balls are mesmerizing.
C
All round things are spheres.
D
All balls are round and mesmerizing.
View Answer & Propolis Autopsy
Correct Key: Option A
Diagnostic Explanation
Concept: Syllogistic Overlaps.
Formula: N/A
Solution: Since all spheres are round and some round things are mesmerizing, the subset of mesmerizing round items includes spheres.
Why other options are incorrect:
• Options B and D: Assume an absolute connection between balls and mesmerizing things where none is guaranteed.
[KMU MDCAT 2023]
Statements:
Some teachers are students.
All students are girls.
No student is a boy.
Conclusions:
I. Some teachers are boys.
II. Some girls are teachers.
III. Some girls are students.
B
Only I, II and III follow
View Answer & Propolis Autopsy
Correct Key: Option D
Diagnostic Explanation
Concept: Venn Diagram Subset Inclusions.
Formula: N/A
Solution:- II is true: Teachers who are students are girls.
- III is true: Conversion of 'All students are girls'.
Why other options are incorrect:•
Option A: Conclusion I is invalid because no student is a boy.
#13 of 22
Sindh MDCAT 2023 Retake
[Sindh MDCAT 2023 Retake]
Statements:
I. Some pens are glass.
II. All glass are wall.
Conclusions:
I. Some wall are pens.
II. Some wall are glass.
A
Only conclusion (I) follows
B
Only conclusion (II) follows
C
Both conclusions follow
D
Neither conclusion (I) nor conclusion (II) follows
View Answer & Propolis Autopsy
Correct Key: Option C
Diagnostic Explanation
Concept: Categorical Syllogisms.
Formula: N/A
Solution: Glass is entirely enclosed within Wall. Since Pens overlap with Glass, Pens must overlap with Wall (I is true). Also, since all Glass is Wall, some Wall is Glass (II is true).
Why other options are incorrect:
• Options A and B: Are incomplete.
#14 of 22
Sindh MDCAT 2023 Retake
[Sindh MDCAT 2023 Retake]
Statements:
No cities are countries.
No countries are villages.
Conclusions:
I. Some countries are city.
II. No villages are city.
A
Only conclusion I follows
B
Only conclusion II follows
C
Only conclusion I and II follow
D
Neither conclusion I nor conclusion II follows
View Answer & Propolis Autopsy
Correct Key: Option D
Diagnostic Explanation
Concept: Negative Premise Inferences.
Formula: Two negative premises yield no definitive affirmative conclusion.
Solution: Conclusion I contradicts Premise 1 directly. Conclusion II claims a relation between villages and cities that is not guaranteed by the premises.
Why other options are incorrect:
• Options A, B, and C: Violate syllogistic rules for double negative premises.
#15 of 22
Sindh MDCAT 2023 Retake
[Sindh MDCAT 2023 Retake]
Statements:
All cups are pencils.
Some pencils are pens.
Conclusions:
I. Some pencils are cups.
II. No pencil are cups.
III. Some cups are pens.
A
Only conclusion I follows
B
Only conclusion III follows
C
Only conclusion I and II follow
D
Only conclusion II and III follow
View Answer & Propolis Autopsy
Correct Key: Option A
Diagnostic Explanation
Concept: Universal Affirmative Conversions.
Formula: \(\text{All } A \text{ are } B \implies \text{Some } B \text{ are } A\)
Solution: 'All cups are pencils' converts directly to 'Some pencils are cups' (I is valid).
Why other options are incorrect:
• Option B: Cups and pens do not have a guaranteed overlap.
#16 of 22
Sindh MDCAT 2023 Retake
[Sindh MDCAT 2023 Retake]
Statements:
All fruits are leaves.
Some fruits are grapes.
Conclusions:
I. Some leaves are grapes.
II. All grapes are fruits.
A
Only conclusion I follows
B
Both conclusions I and II follow
C
Only conclusion II follows
D
Neither conclusion I nor conclusion II follows
View Answer & Propolis Autopsy
Correct Key: Option A
Diagnostic Explanation
Concept: Overlapping Set Syllogisms.
Formula: N/A
Solution: Grapes overlap with fruits, and all fruits are leaves; thus grapes must overlap with leaves (I is true).
Why other options are incorrect:
• Option B: Premise states 'Some fruits are grapes', not 'All grapes are fruits'.
#17 of 22
Sindh MDCAT 2023 Retake
[Sindh MDCAT 2023 Retake]
Statements:
All apples are bananas.
No banana is a mango.
Some mangoes are oranges.
Conclusions:
I. All oranges can never be bananas.
II. Some mangoes are apples.
A
Only conclusion I follows
B
Only conclusion II follows
C
Either conclusion I or conclusion II follows
D
Neither conclusion I nor conclusion II follows
View Answer & Propolis Autopsy
Correct Key: Option A
Diagnostic Explanation
Concept: Disjoint Group Constraints.
Formula: N/A
Solution: Oranges that are mangoes cannot be bananas because no mango is a banana. Thus, 'All oranges can never be bananas' is true.
Why other options are incorrect:
• Option B: Contradicts the disjoint set between apples (inside bananas) and mangoes.
[UHS MDCAT 2023]
All children are silly people. Some silly people are rich people. All rich people are big shots.
Which conclusions are NECESSARILY TRUE?
I. Some silly people are children.
II. Some rich people are children.
III. Some silly people are big shots.
View Answer & Propolis Autopsy
Correct Key: Option A
Diagnostic Explanation
Concept: Syllogistic Deduction Sets.
Formula: N/A
Solution:- I is valid: Direct conversion of 'All children are silly'.
- III is valid: Silly people who are rich are automatically big shots.
Why other options are incorrect:•
Option B: Conclusion II is unproven.
[SZABMU 2023]
Syllogism: All balls are spheres. All spheres are round. Some round things are mesmerizing.
View Answer & Propolis Autopsy
Correct Key: Option A
Diagnostic Explanation
Concept: Categorical Overlaps.
Formula: N/A
Solution: Conclusion III ('Some mesmerizing things are spheres') is the only logically necessary deduction.
Why other options are incorrect:
• Options B, C, and D: Assert unproven universal conclusions.
#20 of 22
Balochistan MDCAT / BUMHS 2022
[Balochistan MDCAT / BUMHS 2022]
All children are silly people. Some silly people are rich people. All rich people are big shots.
Which of the following conclusions are NECESSARILY TRUE?
View Answer & Propolis Autopsy
Correct Key: Option A
Diagnostic Explanation
Concept: Syllogistic Deduction Sets.
Formula: N/A
Solution: I and III follow logically from the subset constraints.
Why other options are incorrect:
• Option B: II lacks mandatory set inclusion.
#21 of 22
FMDC / SZABMU 2022
[FMDC / SZABMU 2022]
All hammers are tools. Some tools are useless things. All useless things are trash.
Which of the following is NECESSARILY TRUE given only the information above?
View Answer & Propolis Autopsy
Correct Key: Option D
Diagnostic Explanation
Concept: Syllogism Overlaps.
Formula: N/A
Solution: Conclusion II ('Some tools are trash') is the only guaranteed deduction.
Why other options are incorrect:
• Options A, B, and C: Claim unverified hammer/trash connections.
#22 of 22
Punjab MDCAT / UHS 2022
[Punjab MDCAT / UHS 2022]
Some bags are pouches. All pouches are cases. No cases are purses.
Which of the following conclusions are NECESSARILY TRUE?
I. Some pouches are purses.
II. Some bags are cases.
III. No bags are purses.
View Answer & Propolis Autopsy
Correct Key: Option C
Diagnostic Explanation
Concept: Syllogistic Inclusion Sets.
Formula: N/A
Solution: Bags that are pouches are automatically inside Cases because all pouches are cases (Conclusion II is true). No purses can be pouches because purses share zero overlap with cases.
Why other options are incorrect:
• Options A and B: Conclusion I contradicts premise 3.
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